Anatomy 5: Space Occupying Lesions

Question 1

what are the layers of the scalp

Answer 1

skin
connective tissie
aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
pericranium
SCALP

Question 2

what is the thinnest part of the skull

Answer 2

pterion

Question 3

what courses deep to the pterion

Answer 3

the middle meningeal artery

Question 4

what is the name of the tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa

Answer 4

diaphragm sellae

Question 5

what is the name of the dura mater lying voer the cerebellum

Answer 5

tentorium cerebelli

Question 6

what sheet of dura mater separated the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 6

falx cerebri

Question 7

what drains blood from brain to dural venous sinuses

Answer 7

the cerebral veins

Question 8

where does the sigmoid sinus drain

Answer 8

internal jugular vein (via jugular foramen)

Question 9

where is the confluence of the sinuses located

Answer 9

in the midline at the internal occipital protuberance

Question 10

where do the anterior cerebral arteries supply

Answer 10

medial aspect of cerebral hemispher

Question 11

where do the middle cerebral arteries supplu

Answer 11

the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 12

where do the posterior cerebral arteries supply

Answer 12

the posterior aspect of the right cerebral hemisphere

Question 13

what produces csf

Answer 13

choroid plexux

Question 14

where is csf reabsorbed

Answer 14

into dural venous sinus via arachnoid granulations

Question 15

at what level is a lumbar puncture

Answer 15

either L3/4 or L4/5

Question 16

where does the subarachnoid space end

Answer 16

S2

Question 17

what connects the third and fourth ventricle

Answer 17

the cerebral aqueduct

Question 18

where is the central canal continuous with

Answer 18

the fourth ventricle

Question 19

name the ventricles

Answer 19

two lateral
third
fourth

Question 20

where is the choroid plexus located

Answer 20

lateral and third ventricles

Question 21

describe the circulation of csf

Answer 21

choroid plexus-> lateral ventricles- third ventricles- cerebral aqueduct- fourth ventricle, subarachnoid space- dural venous sinus

Question 22

what connects the third and lateral ventricles

Answer 22

the foraminae of monroe

Question 23

what is hydrocephalus

Answer 23

excessive production, obstruction or inadequate reabsorption of csf

Question 24

what three main bleed types can arise in the cranial cavity and what are their possible sources

Answer 24

extradural- middle meningeal artery
subdural- cerebral artery
subararachnoid- circle of willis

Question 25

where is a epidural usually inserted

Answer 25

L3/4

Question 26

what are the main types of herniation

Answer 26

supratentorial and infratentorial

Question 27

what is a tonsillar herniation

Answer 27

downward herniation of cerebella tonsils into foramen magnum

Question 28

what kinds of supratentorial herniation exist

Answer 28

cingulate
central
uncal/transtentoral
transcalvarial

Question 29

what nerve can be compressed by and uncal herniation and what can this cause

Answer 29

oculomotor

ipsilateral fixed diated pupil