neuroanatomy Flashcards
the cerebrum is involved in high intellect what is the cerebellum used for
coordinating movements
diencephalon - connection box containing thalamus and hypothalamus
basal gnaglai - contains everything
what is the role of the brainstem
sub-conscious functions
contains midbrain, pons and medulla
Within brain= tact/fasciculus/lemniscus/peduncle
Outside brain = nerve
what do all these mean
bundles of axons
deep grey matter in thebrian is the basal ganglia
how many spinal nerves are there
31
33 vertebrae
what fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobe form the temporal lobe
The lateral sulcus (also called Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure) is one of the most prominent features of the human brain. The lateral sulcus is a deep fissure in each hemisphere that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
the insular cortex lies bellow this
what fissure separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
Central (Rolandic) sulcus
the midbrain and cerebrum looking like what animal of MRI imaging
hummingbird
calcarine cortex
primary visual cortex
what side of the Brain is speech dominant
left
anterior cerebral artery controls the legs, middle cerebral artery control hands and face - what is the stroke pneumonic
FAST
posterior is eye -
the superior sinus drains straight into the confluence of sinus the. the inferior sinus drains into the confluence of sinus whilst being met by the great cerebral viens into the straight sinus and then the confluence of sinus reaches the internal jugular vein how
down the transverse sinus into the sigmoid sinus then iJV
astrozenca linked with cerebra venous thrombosis
the chord plexus makes the CSF in the lateral ventricles.
the lateral venticles connect to the third ventricle by what
foramina of munro
the 3rd ventricle connects to the 4th ventricle by what
cerebral aqueduct of sylvius
the 4th ventricle connects to the central canal of the spinal cord via
foramina of Lusaka ( lateral) and foramina of magendie ( midline)
what are two conditions that can arise due to blockage of the CSF circulation in the brain and spinal cord respectively
hydrocephalus
syringomelia
the polio virus attack what horns of the grey matter of the spinal cord
anterior horns
sensory input enters the back and motor leaves the front
pain and temperature is carried bu the spinothalmic tract that crosses where
spinal cord
conscious proprioception and vibration is carried by the dorsal columns tract and crosses where
medulla
ends in somatosensory cortex of the thalamus
light touch is carried by the spinothalamic tract as well however this crosses over in the medulla and and spinal cord –> what is the significance of this
injury to spinothalmic tract- light touch is last to go or is normally preserved in this injury
unconscious proprioception is controlled by what tract
spinocerebellar tract
the spinocerebellar tract goes straight to the cerebellum - does it ever cross over
no
this means if a lesion occurs it will affect the ipsilateral side
the motor tract - corticospianl tract crossewhere
medulla
quick cranial nerve revision
I – Smells 2 – Sees 3,4,6 – Move the eyes 3 also contstricts pupils, accommodates 5 – Chews and feels front of head 7 – moves face, tastes, salivates, cries 8 – hearing & balance 9 – tastes, salivates, swallows, monitors carotid body & sinus 10 – tastes, swallows, lifts palate, talks, controls thoracoabdominal viscera 11 – turns head, lifts shoulders 12 – moves tongue
cranial nerve 2 nucleus
lateral geniculate nucleus
the eye lid is controlled by the muscle leavator palpebral superiors what cranial nerve controls this
CN3 - ptosis
the 3rd and 4th nuclei come from
midbrain
6th nuclei is found
pons
symptoms fo CN3 PALSY
dilation of the eye ( parasympathetic on the outside leading to only sympathetic innveration )
ptosis
down and out
when will the pupil accommodate light but no react to light
sphyilis
CN3
react as other eye dilates but won’t change pubil size of one eye
what pathway joins the 3rd nerve and 6th nerve nuclei together
medial longitudinal fasiculus - allows eyes to move together ( conjugate movements )
MS can affect the medial longitudinal pathway causing what
impaired adduction in one eye and horizontal nystagmus f the other adducting eye - this is called 1 1/2 syndrome
CN5 cotrnolls what
muscles fo mastication and facial and oronasal sensation
service fro autonomic taste too
where is the trigeminal nucleus
midbrain, pons and medula - cervicla cord
CN7 control facial sensation- it moves face, tastes, salivates and cris - what is the nuclei for taste
nucleus solitarius
facial palsy - difference between upper and lower motor neurone palsy
bells palsy - LMN - cut facial nerve - whole nerve palsy - droopy face nd dry eyes
central seven - UMN - other brain - forehead spreading so can frown and raise eyebrows. - due to trigeminal nerve
what nerve props the eye open ( opens eyelids )
3
what nerve hooks the eye closed ( closes eyelids )
7
cochlear nerve is involved in hearing - branch of 8
superior and inferior vestibular nerves to what
rotation - semicircular canals
linear accerleration - vertical ( sacule) and horiziontal ( utricle)
CN9 controls tastes, salivates, swallows, monitors carotid body & sinus
10 – tastes, swallows, lifts palate, talks, controls thoracoabdominal viscera
11 – turns head, lifts shoulders
12 – moves tongue
where are the nuclei found
medullary region
where could CN 9-11 be compressed
at jugular foramen
leading to imapried gag reflex (sen) , uvular drawn to normal side
impaired gag reflex ( motto )
vocal cord palsy
weakness of trapezius muscle
CN12 PALSY
tongue deviates to ipsilateral side and is weak
basal ganglia is involved in movement what is contained in the basal ganglia
Striatum (Caudate nucleus & Putamen)
Globus pallidus (Lentiform nucleus = GP + putamen)
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra
Parkinsonism (rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia, shuffling gait)
Chorea (sudden jerky purposeless movements)
Athetosis (writhing movements)
Hemiballismus (flailing movements of limbs)
the cerebellum controls mvoemtn and coordination balance and equilibrium and muscle tone
what does DANISH stand fro
Dysdiadochochinesis Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Staccato / slurred speech Hypotonia - Floppy
parasympathetic cranial nerves
3,7,9,10
SX of horners syndrome
Miosis (pupil constriction)
Ptosis (droopy lid)
Anhydrosis (dry face)
the limbic system contains these brain areas - what are the functions
hippocampus parahippocampus cingulate gyrus Amygdala nucleus accumbens Hypothalamus anterior nucleus of thethalamus
Emotion,
Aspects of behaviour,
Long-term memory
Olfaction
the limbic system is preferentially involved in what disease
amygdala
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). Common symptoms include headaches, fevers, drowsiness, hyperactivity, and/or general weakness.
