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neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

the cerebrum is involved in high intellect what is the cerebellum used for

A

coordinating movements

diencephalon - connection box containing thalamus and hypothalamus

basal gnaglai - contains everything

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2
Q

what is the role of the brainstem

A

sub-conscious functions

contains midbrain, pons and medulla

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3
Q

Within brain= tact/fasciculus/lemniscus/peduncle
Outside brain = nerve

what do all these mean

A

bundles of axons

deep grey matter in thebrian is the basal ganglia

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4
Q

how many spinal nerves are there

A

31

33 vertebrae

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5
Q

what fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobe form the temporal lobe

A

The lateral sulcus (also called Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure) is one of the most prominent features of the human brain. The lateral sulcus is a deep fissure in each hemisphere that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

the insular cortex lies bellow this

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6
Q

what fissure separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

A

Central (Rolandic) sulcus

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7
Q

the midbrain and cerebrum looking like what animal of MRI imaging

A

hummingbird

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8
Q

calcarine cortex

A

primary visual cortex

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9
Q

what side of the Brain is speech dominant

A

left

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10
Q

anterior cerebral artery controls the legs, middle cerebral artery control hands and face - what is the stroke pneumonic

A

FAST

posterior is eye -

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11
Q

the superior sinus drains straight into the confluence of sinus the. the inferior sinus drains into the confluence of sinus whilst being met by the great cerebral viens into the straight sinus and then the confluence of sinus reaches the internal jugular vein how

A

down the transverse sinus into the sigmoid sinus then iJV

astrozenca linked with cerebra venous thrombosis

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12
Q

the chord plexus makes the CSF in the lateral ventricles.

the lateral venticles connect to the third ventricle by what

A

foramina of munro

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13
Q

the 3rd ventricle connects to the 4th ventricle by what

A

cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

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14
Q

the 4th ventricle connects to the central canal of the spinal cord via

A

foramina of Lusaka ( lateral) and foramina of magendie ( midline)

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15
Q

what are two conditions that can arise due to blockage of the CSF circulation in the brain and spinal cord respectively

A

hydrocephalus

syringomelia

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16
Q

the polio virus attack what horns of the grey matter of the spinal cord

A

anterior horns

sensory input enters the back and motor leaves the front

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17
Q

pain and temperature is carried bu the spinothalmic tract that crosses where

A

spinal cord

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18
Q

conscious proprioception and vibration is carried by the dorsal columns tract and crosses where

A

medulla

ends in somatosensory cortex of the thalamus

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19
Q

light touch is carried by the spinothalamic tract as well however this crosses over in the medulla and and spinal cord –> what is the significance of this

A

injury to spinothalmic tract- light touch is last to go or is normally preserved in this injury

20
Q

unconscious proprioception is controlled by what tract

A

spinocerebellar tract

21
Q

the spinocerebellar tract goes straight to the cerebellum - does it ever cross over

A

no

this means if a lesion occurs it will affect the ipsilateral side

22
Q

the motor tract - corticospianl tract crossewhere

A

medulla

23
Q

quick cranial nerve revision

A 
I – Smells
2 – Sees
3,4,6 – Move the eyes
3 also contstricts pupils, accommodates
5 – Chews and feels front of head
7 – moves face, tastes, salivates, cries
8 – hearing & balance
9 – tastes, salivates, swallows, monitors carotid body & sinus
10 – tastes, swallows, lifts palate, talks, controls thoracoabdominal viscera
11 – turns head, lifts shoulders
12 – moves tongue
24
Q

cranial nerve 2 nucleus

A

lateral geniculate nucleus

25
Q

the eye lid is controlled by the muscle leavator palpebral superiors what cranial nerve controls this

A

CN3 - ptosis

26
Q

the 3rd and 4th nuclei come from

A

midbrain

27
Q

6th nuclei is found

A

pons

28
Q

symptoms fo CN3 PALSY

A

dilation of the eye ( parasympathetic on the outside leading to only sympathetic innveration )
ptosis
down and out

29
Q

when will the pupil accommodate light but no react to light

A

sphyilis

CN3

react as other eye dilates but won’t change pubil size of one eye

30
Q

what pathway joins the 3rd nerve and 6th nerve nuclei together

A

medial longitudinal fasiculus - allows eyes to move together ( conjugate movements )

31
Q

MS can affect the medial longitudinal pathway causing what

A

impaired adduction in one eye and horizontal nystagmus f the other adducting eye - this is called 1 1/2 syndrome

32
Q

CN5 cotrnolls what

A

muscles fo mastication and facial and oronasal sensation

service fro autonomic taste too

33
Q

where is the trigeminal nucleus

A

midbrain, pons and medula - cervicla cord

34
Q

CN7 control facial sensation- it moves face, tastes, salivates and cris - what is the nuclei for taste

A

nucleus solitarius

35
Q

facial palsy - difference between upper and lower motor neurone palsy

A

bells palsy - LMN - cut facial nerve - whole nerve palsy - droopy face nd dry eyes

central seven - UMN - other brain - forehead spreading so can frown and raise eyebrows. - due to trigeminal nerve

36
Q

what nerve props the eye open ( opens eyelids )

A

3

37
Q

what nerve hooks the eye closed ( closes eyelids )

A

7

38
Q

cochlear nerve is involved in hearing - branch of 8

superior and inferior vestibular nerves to what

A

rotation - semicircular canals

linear accerleration - vertical ( sacule) and horiziontal ( utricle)

39
Q

CN9 controls tastes, salivates, swallows, monitors carotid body & sinus

10 – tastes, swallows, lifts palate, talks, controls thoracoabdominal viscera
11 – turns head, lifts shoulders
12 – moves tongue

where are the nuclei found

A

medullary region

40
Q

where could CN 9-11 be compressed

A

at jugular foramen

leading to imapried gag reflex (sen) , uvular drawn to normal side

impaired gag reflex ( motto )
vocal cord palsy

weakness of trapezius muscle

41
Q

CN12 PALSY

A

tongue deviates to ipsilateral side and is weak

42
Q

basal ganglia is involved in movement what is contained in the basal ganglia

A

Striatum (Caudate nucleus & Putamen)
Globus pallidus (Lentiform nucleus = GP + putamen)
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra

Parkinsonism (rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia, shuffling gait)
Chorea (sudden jerky purposeless movements)
Athetosis (writhing movements)
Hemiballismus (flailing movements of limbs)

43
Q

the cerebellum controls mvoemtn and coordination balance and equilibrium and muscle tone

what does DANISH stand fro

A 
Dysdiadochochinesis 
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Staccato / slurred speech
Hypotonia - Floppy
44
Q

parasympathetic cranial nerves

A

3,7,9,10

45
Q

SX of horners syndrome

A

Miosis (pupil constriction)
Ptosis (droopy lid)
Anhydrosis (dry face)

46
Q

the limbic system contains these brain areas - what are the functions

hippocampus
parahippocampus
cingulate gyrus
Amygdala
nucleus accumbens
Hypothalamus
anterior nucleus of thethalamus
A

Emotion,
Aspects of behaviour,
Long-term memory
Olfaction

47
Q

the limbic system is preferentially involved in what disease

amygdala

A

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). Common symptoms include headaches, fevers, drowsiness, hyperactivity, and/or general weakness.

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