anatomy of pain

Question 1

quickest way of tramission of nerve

Answer 1

wide and myelinated

Question 2

nerve fibre class not myelinated

Answer 2

c

Activation of C-fibres is from poorly localized stimuli, such as burning sensation of the skin
50% express neuropeptides - calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neurokinins and substance P (SP).

Question 3

quicker fibre nerve class innervation

Answer 3

A-alpha
the thermal and mechanical nociceptors that terminate in the dermis

Signals go via A delta (ouch of hammer) and slower C (throbbing pain that follows)

Question 4

A thought must travel through the hippocampus to become a memory

A pain can surface almost anywhere in the brain – stub toe it can register across one set of brain regions. Hit it with a hammer, it lights up others on fluroMRI scans.

Repeat the injury the patterns can change again

Answer 4

Emotions and cognition have really important role in processingnociceptive information

Question 5

4 mdoualtors of pain and how to treat them

Answer 5

perception - CBT
modulation ( descending) - antidepressants,opiods, CBT, spinal cord stimulation
transmission - local anaesthetic, anti epileptics, opioids, peripheral spinal block , epidurals
transduction - cold a[lication of NSAID ( eriperhal nerves)

Question 6

spaknchic nerves carry sympathetic and visceral afferent fibres to and from the GIT. Abdominopelvic splanchci Never ( T5-L2,3)

Answer 6

vagus nerve carry parasympathetic and visceral afferent fibres to and from eh GIT

pelvic splanchci nerves carry para and visceral afferent fibres to

Question 7

greater splanchnic nerve ( T5-T9/10) - foregut - Foregut gives rise to the esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas and proximal duodenum

lesser splanchnic nerve (t10-T11) - midgut - The midgut develops into the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon.

least splanchic nerve is T11-12) - kidneys sympathetic supply

The hindgut becomes the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and the upper anal canal.

Answer 7

Greater splanchnic nerve Origin: Medial branches of thoracic sympathetic ganglia 5-9
Termination: Ganglia coeliaca, adrenal medulla
Function: Sympathetic supply of foregut and adrenal medulla

Lesser splanchnic nerve Origin: Medial branches of thoracic sympathetic ganglia 10-11
Termination: Aorticorenal/superior mesenteric ganglia
Function: Sympathetic supply of the midgut

Least splanchnic nerve Origin: Medial branches of thoracic sympathetic ganglia 11 and/or 12
Termination: Renal ganglia
Function: Sympathetic supply of the kidneys