alcohol toxicity

Question 1

alcoholic percentage X 0.789 equals

Answer 1

grams alcohol/100ml

Question 2

drink and drive how many units

Answer 2

14 no more

Question 3

units is

Answer 3

percentage volume x volume in ml divided all by 1000 -> work out per drink

Question 4

talk through metabolism of alcohol

Answer 4

Metabolism of alcohol

ethanol in hepatocytes – primary enzyme is alcohol dehydronase using NAD as a cofactor making acetaldehyde – nausea with hangover symptoms

The acetaldehyde then undergoes metabolization in the liver via the action of aldehyde dehydrogenase via cofactor NAD ( nicotinamide adenin dinucleotide) to acetate.

Acetate then metabolised again to make water and CO2

Question 5

Blood alcohol concertation BAC

Peak BAC reached around

Answer 5

30-60mins after digestion

What factors can effect BAC levels – gender, rate of drinking, weight , percentage body water ( males have more that’s why lover conc found) , metabolism( started earlier in men) , stomach emptying

Question 6

low alcohol consumption like 1-3 units a day some protection against

Answer 6

cardiovascular disease in middle aged men and postmenopausal women

Also may 
Increased HDL levels 
Icneased vasoD and antioxidant effects of flavonoids 
Increased clot dissolution 
Inhbtion of paltelt activation

Question 7

ethanol interacts with other drugs such as warfarin and phenytoin so they get less metabolised by competing with hat enzyme

Answer 7

CYP450

Question 8

what is addiction

Answer 8

experience Intense cravings for desired substances and severe withdrawal when it is taken away

Question 9

what condition can occur due to excessive alcohol consumption

Answer 9

Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome is a condition that is similar to dementia and is caused by drinking too much alcohol.

Confusion and loss of mental activity that can progress to coma and death.
Loss of muscle coordination (ataxia) that can cause leg tremor.
Vision changes such as abnormal eye movements (back and forth movements called nystagmus), double vision, eyelid drooping.

link drugs to sound if given with them same response with out

Question 10

John has been out of a job for about for year. John had been using various types of drugs in the last few years. Since he had been out of work though, he had been taking increasing amounts of heroin on a daily basis, to reduce the amount of stress he was experiencing. Most of his friends and family were unaware of this and he mostly used it in the evening when he was home alone. Last Thursday though, he met up with one of the people that hangs out with his dealer. They went back to the friend’s place to party. They each took a dose of heroin which was fairly normal for them. An hour in though, John got really sick and overdosed. He was taken to hospital in an ambulance, where they managed to prevent it getting worse.

What could be the reason John overdosed that day?

Select one:

A.
He had taken something else as well

B.
Something was wrong with the heroin

C.
He was not in the regular place of use

D.
It was a different time of day

E.
All of the above

Answer 10

E

factors that increase overdose