Neuro6

Question 1

Area of Lesion: Amygdala (bilateral)

-Consequence:

Answer 1

Area of Lesion: Amygdala (bilateral)
-Consequence: Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Hyperorality
Hypersexuality
Disinhibited behavior

*Associated w/ HSV-1

Question 2

Area of Lesion: Frontal lobe

-Consequence:

Answer 2

Area of Lesion: Frontal lobe

• Consequence:
• Disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation, and judgement
• May have reemergence of primitive reflexes

Question 3

Area of Lesion: Right Parietal lobe

-Consequence:

Answer 3

Area of Lesion: Right Parietal lobe

• Consequence:
• Spatial neglect (agnosia of the contralateral side of the world)

Question 4

Area of Lesion: Reticular Activating System (Midbrain)

-Consequence:

Answer 4

Area of Lesion: Reticular Activating System (Midbrain)

• Consequence:
• Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (i.e., Coma)

Question 5

Area of Lesion: Mammillary bodies (bilateral)

-Consequence:

Answer 5

Area of Lesion: Mammillary bodies (bilateral)

• Consequence: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
• Confusion, Opthalmoplegia, Ataxia
• Memory loss (anterograde & retrograde amnesia)
• Confabulation, Personality changes

Question 6

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome associated with?

Answer 6

Thiamine (B1) deficiency
EtOH abuse

Can be precipitated by giving glucose without B1 to a B1-deficient patient

Question 7

Area of Lesion: Basal Ganglia

• Consequence:
• Associated with:

Answer 7

Area of Lesion: Basal Ganglia

• Consequence:
• Tremor @ rest, chorea, or athetosis
• Associated with:
• Parkinson’s disease

Question 8

Area of Lesion: Cerebellar hemisphere

• Consequence:
• Notes:

Answer 8

Area of Lesion: Cerebellar hemisphere
-Consequence:
*Intention tremor, limb ataxia, loss of balance
*Damage to cerebellum results in IPSilateral deficits; fall Toward side of lesion
-Notes:
“Cerebellar hemispheres are LATERALly located – affect LATERAL limbs”

Question 9

Area of Lesion: Cerebellar Vermis

• Consequence:
• Notes:

Answer 9

Area of Lesion: Cerebellar Vermis
-Consequence:
*Truncal ataxia, dysarthria
-Notes:
"Vermis is CENTRALly located -- affects CENTRAL body"

Question 10

Area of Lesion: Subthalamic Nucleus

-Consequence:

Answer 10

Area of Lesion: Subthalamic Nucleus

• Consequence:
• Contralateral Hemiballismus

Question 11

Area of Lesion: Hippocampus

-Consequence:

Answer 11

Area of Lesion: Hippocampus

• Consequence:
• Anterograde amnesia

Question 12

What is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 12

Inability to make NEW memories

Question 13

Area of Lesion: Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF)
-Consequence:

Answer 13

Area of Lesion: Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF)

• Consequence:
• Eyes look AWAY from side of lesion

Question 14

Area of Lesion: Frontal eye fields

-Consequence:

Answer 14

Area of Lesion: Frontal eye fields

• Consequence:
• Eyes look TOWARDS side of lesion

Question 15

What is the most common cause of Central Pontine Myelinolysis?

Answer 15

Overly rapid correction of Na+ levels

*Can cause “locked-in syndrome”

Question 16

What is the pathophysiology of Central Pontine Myelinolysis?

Answer 16

Massive axonal demyleination in pontine white matter tracts

*Affects Corticospinal & Corticobulbar tracts

• Lesion @ base of Pons
  
  • Supplied by Basilar Artery

Question 17

What are the symptoms of Central Pontine Myelinolysis?

Answer 17

Acute paralysis
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Diplopia
Loss of consciousness

*can cause “locked-in syndrome”