Neuro4

Question 1

What are the 5 nuclei of the thalamus?

Answer 1

Ventral Posterolateral (VPL)
Ventral Posteromedial (VPM)
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN)
Ventral Lateral (VL)

Question 2

Ventral Posterolateral (VPL):
Input -
Info -
Destination -

Answer 2

-Input/Info:
Spinothalamic
 *Pain & Temp
Dorsal Columns/Medial Lemniscus
 *Pressure, touch, vibration, proprioception

-Destination
1˚ Somatosensory cortex

Question 3

Ventral Posteromedial (VPM)
Input -
Info -
Destination -

Answer 3

-Input/Info:
Trigeminal
*Face sensation
Gustatory pathway
*Taste

• Destination
• 1˚ Somatosensory cortex

“Makeup goes on the face = vpM”

Question 4

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
Input -
Info -
Destination -

Answer 4

-Input/Info:
CN II (Optic n.)
*Vision

-Destination
Calcarine Sulcus

“Lateral = Light”

Question 5

Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN)
Input -
Info -
Destination -

Answer 5

-Input:
Superior Olive
Inferior Colliculus of Tectum
-Info:
Hearing

-Destination:
Auditory cortex of Temporal lobe

“Medial = Music”

Question 6

Ventral Lateral (VL)
Input -
Info -
Destination -

Answer 6

Input/Info:
Basal Ganglion
*Motor

-Destination:
Motor cortex

Question 7

The thalamus is the relay center for ALL ascending sensory information EXCEPT?

Answer 7

Olfaction

Question 8

What are the structures of the Limbic System?

Answer 8

Hippocampus
Amygdala
Fornix
Mammillary bodies
Cingulate gyrus

Question 9

What is the Limbic System responsible for?

Answer 9

"the Famous 5 F's"
Feeding
Fleeing
Fighting
Feeling
Fucking

Question 10

Input from the Contralateral cortex to the cerebellum goes through what structure?

Answer 10

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 11

Ipsilateral proprioceptive information from the spinal cord goes through what structure?

Answer 11

Inferior Cerebellar Penduncle

input nerves = climbing & mossy fibers

Question 12

Where does the cerebellum send information to modulate movement?

Answer 12

Contralateral cortex

-via deep nuclei of cerebellum through Superior Cerebellar peduncle

Question 13

What are the output nervers from the cerebellum and what is the pathway they take?

Answer 13

Purkinje Fibers

Send info to deep nuclei of cerebellum, which in turn sends information to the Contralateral Cortex via the Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 14

What is the role of the Basal Ganglia?

Answer 14

Voluntary movements & making Postural adjustments

*received cortical input, provides Negative Feedback to Cortex to Modulate Movement

Question 15

What makes up the Striatum?

Answer 15

Putamen (motor) & Caudate (cognitive)

Question 16

What makes up the Lentiform?

Answer 16

Putamen & Globus Pallidus

Question 17

Dopamine sent from the SNc can bind what 2 receptors in the putamen?
What is the response?

Answer 17

D1 or D2 receptors = Motion

D1 - Direct Pathway - Stimulatory
D2 - Indirect Pathway - Inhibitory

Question 18

Describe the Excitatory pathway in the basal ganglia.

Answer 18

Cortical inputs stimulate the Striatum
Stimulate GABA release
Disinhibits the thalamus via the GPi/SNr
INcrease Motion

Question 19

Describe the Inhibitory pathway in the basal ganglia.

Answer 19

Cortical input stimulate the striatum
Disinhibits STN via GPe
STN stimulates GPi/SNr to inhibit thalamus
DEcrease motion

Question 20

What is the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 20

Degenerative disorder of CNS associated w/:

• Lewy bodies
• Loss of dopaminergic neurons (dipigmentation) of the SUbstantia Nigra Pars Compacta

Question 21

What are Lewy Bodies composed of?

Answer 21

alpha-synuclein – intracellular inclusions

Question 22

What is the mnemonic associated with Parkinson’s Disease?

Answer 22

“TRAP”

Tremor (at rest - pill-rolling)
Rigidity
Akinesia (or bradykinesia)
Postural Instability

*MPTP exposure