Neuro2

Question 1

Where is the lesion in syringomyelia?

Answer 1

Anterior White Commissure

*Crossing fibers of Spinothalamic Tract

Question 2

S/S of syringomyelia.

Answer 2

“Cape-like” bilateral los of Pain & Temp in Upper extremities

Question 3

What is spared in syringomyelia?

Answer 3

Dorsal columns – Fine touch is preserved

Question 4

Where in the vertebral column is syringomyelia most common?

Answer 4

C8-T1 (upper extremities)

Question 5

Syringomyelia is associated with:

Answer 5

Chiari I malformation

Question 6

Neuroectoderm gives rise to:

Answer 6

CNS neurons
Ependymal cells
Oligodendroglia
Astrocytes

Question 7

Neural crest gives rise to:

Answer 7

PNS neurons

Schwann cells

Question 8

Mesoderm gives rise to:

Answer 8

Microglia

“Microglia, like Macrophages, originate from Mesoderm”

Question 9

What happens if an Axon is damaged?

Answer 9

Undergoes Wallerian degeneration

Question 10

Function of Astrocytes.

Answer 10

Physical support & repair
K+ metabolism
NT removal
BBB maintenance

Question 11

Function of Microglia.

Answer 11

CNS phagocyte

*HIV-infected macrophages fuse to form multinucleated giant cells in the CNS

Question 12

What are the myelin producing cells in the CNS? PNS?

Answer 12

CNS - Oligodendrocytes

PNS - Schwann cells

Question 13

What cells are destroyed in Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 13

Oligodendrocytes

Question 14

What cells are destroyed in Guillain-Barre syndrome?

Answer 14

Schwann cells

Question 15

Acoustic Neuroma.

Answer 15

Type of Schwannoma

Located in Internal Acoustic Meatus (CN VIII)

Question 16

Describe C-fibers.

Answer 16

Slow, Unmyelinated

Pain & Temp

Question 17

Describe A(gamma) fibers

Answer 17

Fast, Myelinated

Pain & Temp

Question 18

What receptor senses Dynamic, Fine/Light touch and position sense?

Answer 18

Meissner’s corpuscles

*Glabrous (Hairless) skin

Question 19

What receptor senses Vibration & Pressure?

Answer 19

Pacinian corpuscles

*Deep skin layers, ligaments, joints

Question 20

What receptor senses Pressure, Deep static touch (e.g., shapes, edges), position sense?

Answer 20

Merkel’s discs

*Hair follicles

Question 21

What are the layers of a Peripheral Nerve?

Answer 21

• Endoneurium
  
  • invests single nerve fiber layers
  • Guillain-Barre
• Perineurium
  
  • Permeability barrier
  • surrounds fasicles
  • must be rejoined in microsurgery
• Epineurium
  
  • Dense CT that surrounds entire nerve