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FA - Neurology > Neuro17 > Flashcards

Neuro17 Flashcards

Eye conditions Glaucoma Cataract Papilledema

1
Q

What are the 5 refractive errors causing impaired vision that improves with glasses?

A 
Hyperopia
Myopia
Astigmatism
Accommodation
Presbyopia
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2
Q

Describe Hyperopia.

A

Eye too SHORT for refractive power of cornea and lens

*Light-focused BEHIND retina

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3
Q

Describe Myopia.

A

Eye to LONG for refractive power of cornea and lens

*Light focused in FRONT of retina

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4
Q

Describe Astigmatism.

A

Abnormal curvature of cornea

*Different refractive power at different axes

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5
Q

Describe Accommodation.

A

Focusing on near object

*occurs with convergence and miosis

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6
Q

Describe the what happens to the eye during accommodation.

A

1-Ciliary muscles tighten
2-Zonular fibers relax
3-Lens becomes more CONVEX
4-Focus on near objects

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7
Q

Describe Presbyopia.

A

DEcreased change in focusing ability during accommodation

*d/t Sclerosis & decreased elasticity

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8
Q

What is Uveitis?

A

Inflammation of the uveal coat

-Consists of: Iris, Ciliary body, & Choroid

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9
Q

Uveitis is associated with.

A

Systemic Inflammatory disorders

-Sarcoid, RA, JIA, TB, HLA-B27 conditions

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10
Q

What is Retinitis?

A

Retinal edema and necrosis leading to scar

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11
Q

What causes Retinitis?

A

Viral (most common)
-CMV, HSV, HZV

*Associated w/ immunosuppression

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12
Q

What is Central Retinal Artery Occlusion?

A

Acute, painless monocular vision loss

*Retina whitening w/ cherry-red spot

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13
Q

What collects aqueous humor from the trabecular meshwork?

A

Canal of Schlemm

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14
Q

What collects aqueous humor that flows through the anterior chamber?

A

Trabecular meshwork

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15
Q

What produces aqueous humor?

A

Ciliary epithelium (ß)

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16
Q

What optic neuropathy is usually associated with INcreased intraocular pressure (IOP)?

A

Glaucoma

17
Q

Open/wide angle Glaucoma is characterized by:

A
  • Peripheral then Central vision loss
  • Optic disc atrophy w/ Cupping
  • Increased IOP
18
Q

Is open/wide angle glaucoma painful?

A

NO

19
Q

What causes open/wide angle glaucoma?

A
  • Primary cause unclear
  • Secondary causes
    • uveitis, trauma, corticosteroids & vasoproliferative retinopathy that can block or DEcrease outflow at the trabecular meshwork
20
Q

What is Closed/Narrow angle glaucoma?

A

1-Enlargement or Forward movement of lens against central iris
2-Leads to Obstruction of normal aqueous flow through pupil
3-Fluid builds up behind iris, pushing peripheral iris against cornea and impending flow through the trabecular meshwork

21
Q

What are the two types of Closed/Narrow angle glaucoma?

A

Chronic closure

Acute closure

22
Q

What is chronic closure (Closed/Narrow angle glaucoma)?

A

Asymptomatic w/ damage to optic n. and peripheral vision

23
Q

What is acute closure (Closed/Narrow angle glaucoma)?

A
  • True opthalmic emergency
  • INcreased IOP pushes iris forward -> Angle closes abruptly

*Very painful, Sudden vision loss, rock-hard eye, frontal headache

24
Q

What should you avoid giving in acute closure (Closed/Narrow angle glaucoma)?

A

Epinephrine because of its mydriatic effect

25
Q

What is a cataract?

A

Painless opacification of lens leading to DEcreased vision

26
Q

T/F Cataracts are often bilateral.

A

True

27
Q

What are risk factors for developing cataracts?

A 
Age
Smoking
EtOH
Sunlight
Corticosteroid overuse
Galactosemia (classic)
Galactokinase deficiency
Diabetes (sorbitol)
Trauma
Infection
28
Q

What is papilledema?

A

Optic disc swelling due to INcreased intracranial pressure

29
Q

T/F Papilledema is often bilateral.

A

True

30
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of papilledema?

A

Enlarged blind spot

Elevated optic disc w/ blurred margins (seen on fundoscopic exam)

FA - Neurology (22 decks)

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