Neuro.2

Question 1

double crush injury

Answer 1

two separate lesions along the same nerve

Question 2

polyneuropathy

Answer 2

diffuse nerve dysfunction usually due to illness; such as with guillain barre

Question 3

wallerian degeneration

Answer 3

occurs distally specifically to the myelin sheath and axon

Question 4

neurapraxia

Answer 4

most mild form of injury; conduction block due to mylein sheath disruption with no nerve fibers actually damaged; recovers in 4-6weeks usually due to pressure injuries

Question 5

axonotmesis

Answer 5

severe grade of injury; injury to axons with connective sheath (endoneurium) and supporting structures not damaged; can regenerate 1mm/day; traction/compression/crush injuries

Question 6

neurotmesis

Answer 6

the most severe; everything including sheath and nerve is damaged; irreversible injury = flaccid paralysis

Question 7

fasciculations are present with what type of lesions (upper or lower)

Answer 7

lower

Question 8

tics

Answer 8

sudden brief repetitive coordinated movements that occur at irregular intervals, like with tourette syndrome

Question 9

chorea

Answer 9

hyperkinesa that presents as fidgeting or ballism (choreic jerks at large amplitude); basal ganglia damage

Question 10

dystonia

Answer 10

sustained muscle contractions that cause twisting, abnormal postures, and repetitive movement; larger axial muscle involvement

Question 11

athetosis

Answer 11

slow twisting and writhing movements that are large amplitude; form of CP

Question 12

dysdiadochokinesa

Answer 12

inability to perform rapid alternating movements

Question 13

Modified ashworth scale

Answer 13

0= no increase; 1 = slight increase by a catch and release; 1+ = increase through catch then no release; 2 = increase through most the range; 3= increase through range but range difficult; 4 = rigid in flexion or extension

Question 14

vestibulooculra reflexion (VOR)

Answer 14

allows head/eye movement to be coordinated

Question 15

vestibulospinal reflex

Answer 15

allows trunk/body stability while the head is moving

Question 16

suspensory strategy

Answer 16

used to lower the center of gravity while we squat/crouch etc

Question 17

central vs. peripheral vertigo

Answer 17

peripheral = short duration, pallor, nausea, vomitting, fullness within the ears, tinnitus; central = loss of concisouness, diplomia, hemianopsia, weakness, numbness, ataxia, dysarthria

Question 18

BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)

Answer 18

repeated episodes of vertigo that occur with changes in head position; quick lasting, and usually affects the posterior semicircular canal - due to canalith becoming loose. Treated with repositioning

Question 19

centeral or peripheral: BBPV, meneiere’s, infection, metabolic disorders

Answer 19

peripheral

Question 20

central or peripheral: meningitis, migraine, cerebellar degeneration, MS

Answer 20

central

Question 21

central vs peripheral nystagmus, will it stop with fixing?; which has worse vertigo?

Answer 21

central = no; peripheral = yes; vertigo is worse with peripheral

Question 22

Berg balance scale

Answer 22

total 56; <45 = highfall risk

Question 23

fregley graybiel ataxia test battery

Answer 23

best for individuals with high level motor skills - they standing on a balance beam, etc. based on normative score they either pass or fail

Question 24

Fugl meyer

Answer 24

assesses balance with hemiplegia; make score is 14

Question 25

Functional reach

Answer 25

20-40yo: 14.5-17in; 41-69yo; 13.5-15in; 70-87yo:10.5-13.5in

Question 26

Tinetti

Answer 26

<19 = high fall risk

Question 27

Conduction aphasia

Answer 27

damage to the supramarginal gyrus; intact fluency, good comprehension, but severe issue with repetition

Question 28

TUG

Answer 28

10sec is good, 20-30sec = dec functional mobility and increased risk of falls

Question 29

verbal apraxia

Answer 29

issues due to articulation of speech due to motor planning

Question 30

dysarthria

Answer 30

motor neuron lesion to the muscles of vocalization

Question 31

most common stroke

Answer 31

thrombus

Question 32

R vs L hemisphere issues

Answer 32

R = increased issues with judgement, emotions, impulsivity; L = apraxia decreased processing, right hemianopsia