Neuro.2 Flashcards
double crush injury
two separate lesions along the same nerve
polyneuropathy
diffuse nerve dysfunction usually due to illness; such as with guillain barre
wallerian degeneration
occurs distally specifically to the myelin sheath and axon
neurapraxia
most mild form of injury; conduction block due to mylein sheath disruption with no nerve fibers actually damaged; recovers in 4-6weeks usually due to pressure injuries
axonotmesis
severe grade of injury; injury to axons with connective sheath (endoneurium) and supporting structures not damaged; can regenerate 1mm/day; traction/compression/crush injuries
neurotmesis
the most severe; everything including sheath and nerve is damaged; irreversible injury = flaccid paralysis
fasciculations are present with what type of lesions (upper or lower)
lower
tics
sudden brief repetitive coordinated movements that occur at irregular intervals, like with tourette syndrome
chorea
hyperkinesa that presents as fidgeting or ballism (choreic jerks at large amplitude); basal ganglia damage
dystonia
sustained muscle contractions that cause twisting, abnormal postures, and repetitive movement; larger axial muscle involvement
athetosis
slow twisting and writhing movements that are large amplitude; form of CP
dysdiadochokinesa
inability to perform rapid alternating movements
Modified ashworth scale
0= no increase; 1 = slight increase by a catch and release; 1+ = increase through catch then no release; 2 = increase through most the range; 3= increase through range but range difficult; 4 = rigid in flexion or extension
vestibulooculra reflexion (VOR)
allows head/eye movement to be coordinated
vestibulospinal reflex
allows trunk/body stability while the head is moving
suspensory strategy
used to lower the center of gravity while we squat/crouch etc
central vs. peripheral vertigo
peripheral = short duration, pallor, nausea, vomitting, fullness within the ears, tinnitus; central = loss of concisouness, diplomia, hemianopsia, weakness, numbness, ataxia, dysarthria
BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)
repeated episodes of vertigo that occur with changes in head position; quick lasting, and usually affects the posterior semicircular canal - due to canalith becoming loose. Treated with repositioning
centeral or peripheral: BBPV, meneiere’s, infection, metabolic disorders
peripheral
central or peripheral: meningitis, migraine, cerebellar degeneration, MS
central
central vs peripheral nystagmus, will it stop with fixing?; which has worse vertigo?
central = no; peripheral = yes; vertigo is worse with peripheral
Berg balance scale
total 56; <45 = highfall risk
fregley graybiel ataxia test battery
best for individuals with high level motor skills - they standing on a balance beam, etc. based on normative score they either pass or fail
Fugl meyer
assesses balance with hemiplegia; make score is 14
Functional reach
20-40yo: 14.5-17in; 41-69yo; 13.5-15in; 70-87yo:10.5-13.5in
Tinetti
<19 = high fall risk
Conduction aphasia
damage to the supramarginal gyrus; intact fluency, good comprehension, but severe issue with repetition
TUG
10sec is good, 20-30sec = dec functional mobility and increased risk of falls
verbal apraxia
issues due to articulation of speech due to motor planning
dysarthria
motor neuron lesion to the muscles of vocalization
most common stroke
thrombus
R vs L hemisphere issues
R = increased issues with judgement, emotions, impulsivity; L = apraxia decreased processing, right hemianopsia
