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Neuro > Modalities > Flashcards

Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

ice massage

A

or an area of 10cm by 15cm: 5-10min; maintain skin temperature of 59deg to prevent frostbite

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2
Q

cold packs

A

25deg F, apply with a moist towel for 20min; for spasticity reduction treatment can extend past 30min, but you must do a skin check every 10min

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3
Q

cold bath

A

55-64deg F for 15-20min

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4
Q

what’s the term ‘spray and stretch’ refer to?

A

vapocoolant spray on triggger points - apply spray at a 30deg angle 12-18 in away from the skin

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5
Q

hot pack + amount of towels

A

decrease pain, increase tissue extensibility, reduce muscle spasm: ~160deg F, 6-8 layers of towel used; skin check after 5min - max surface temp reached within 6-8min - give them a bell! treatment time: 15-20min

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6
Q

fluidotherapy

A

cantainer with warm air and cellulose particles - ~110deg F for 15-20min

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7
Q

infrared

A

everyone wears goggles, device positioned 20in away from pt, treatment duration 15-30min and best used for soft tissue healing

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8
Q

paraffin

A

~120deg F; dip wrap = 10-15min, dip-reimmersion=20min, paint appliccation = 20min; 6-10 layers total

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9
Q

ultrasound: thermal effects

A

accelerate metabolic rate, modulate pain, reduce muscle spasm, dec joint stiffness, alter nerve conduction velocity, inc circulation

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10
Q

ultrasound: non thermal

A

increased permeability, promote tissue repair and normal function; cavitations

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11
Q

water immersion ultrasound

A

sound head should be 0.5-3cm away from skin - used for irregular shaped or small body parts

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12
Q

what is BNR what does it cause

A

beam non-uniformity ratio in ultrasound - a high BNR can cause hot spots/discomfort

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13
Q

ultrasound: 1MHz vs. 3MHz

A

1 = deeper - up to 5cm; 3 = shallow, 1-2cm

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14
Q

continuous ultrasound

A

duty cycle =100%, theram effects produced

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15
Q

pulsed ultrasound

A

duty cycle = 20%, nonthermal effects

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16
Q

what size area is TOO large to treat with ultrasound?

A

one that is 4x the size of the transducer

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17
Q

phonophoresis

A

ultrasound to deliver medication - anti inflammatories and analgesics; can be used with pulsed or continuous

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18
Q

two types of diathermy

A

capacitive plate - superficial over areas of low fat content; inductive coil - deeper used over areas of high water contnet; diathermy can be used on diameter up to 25x that of a typical US

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19
Q

what’s the number one thing to do before treating someone with heat or ice?

A

have them remove all their jewelry

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20
Q

diathermy

A

based on pt subjective of heat; dose I = no heat sensation, dose II = mild heat; dose III = mod heat, dose IV = vigorous heat that is below pain threshold. treatment ~20min, but can be 30-60min for nonthermal effects

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21
Q

archimedes’ principle

A

buoyance: there is an upward force on the body when immersed in water that is equal to the amount of water displaced

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22
Q

gravity of water

A

1.0

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23
Q

primary determinants of water motion

A

speed, viscosity, turbulence

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24
Q

what is a lowboy tank

A

hydrotherapy tank that is long enough to long sit - comes up to midthoracic region, used for larger parts of extremities

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25
Q

what is a highboy tank

A

hydrotherapy tank that allows chest high water with the hips and knees flexed - used for larger parts of the extremities and trunk

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26
Q

hubbard tank

A

hydrotherapy used for full body immersion; DO NOT USE if they have unstable BP or are incontinent

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27
Q

temperature guidelines: 32-79deg

A

acute inflammation

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28
Q

temperature guidelines: 79-92deg

A

exercise

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29
Q

temperature guidelines: 92-96deg

A

wound care, spasticity

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30
Q

temperature guidelines: 96-98deg

A

cardiopulm compromise, treatment of burns

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31
Q

temperature guidelines: 99-104deg

A

pain management

32
Q

temperature guidelines: 104-110deg

A

chronic rheumatoid or osteoarthritis, increased ROM

33
Q

who is at risk of being hypotensive during pool work?

A

those on beta blockers or anithypertensive meds

34
Q

contrast bath

A

used for arthritis, sprains, strains, reflex sympathetic dystrophy and for desensitization: extremity dipped in hot water for 3-4min, then into cold water for 1 min. for 25-30min total

35
Q

for traction, what percentage of the max force is used for the relax period?

A

50%

36
Q

lumbar traction: max force for first session; force for soft tissue; force for vertebral separation; duration

A

max force 1st session: 30lbs; soft tissue: 25% BW; disc: 50% BW; 5-30min

37
Q

when flexing the cervical seg for traction, what deg for which seg?

A

0-5= upper C spine; 10-20 = mid C spine; 25-35 = lower C spine

38
Q

benefits of intermittent traction

A

tissue extensibility and pain control

39
Q

cervical traction: max force for first session; force for soft tissue; force for vertebral separation; duration

A

first session: 10lbs; soft tissue: 7-10% BW; disk: 13-20% BW (do not exceed 30lbs); 5-30min total

40
Q

long stretch vs. short stretch bandages

A

long stretch give little working pressure because they stretch so much, used for individuals who are immobile; short stretch give low resting pressure and high working pressure - do not use on a flaccid limb, pt must be able to ambulate

41
Q

what type of compression garmets are used for venous stasis ulcers?

A

multi-layer or semi-ridgid bandages

42
Q

level of compression to prevent DVT vs assist with scar management vs edema control

A

16-18mm vs/ 20-30mm vs 30-40mm

43
Q

what must penumatic compression pump pressure get to to override arterial pressure? what’s norm for UE? LE? normal treatment time?

A

at least 30mm Hg; UE: 30-60mmHg; LE: 40-80mmHg; 30min to 4hours

44
Q

what is the typical number of cycles per minute for CPM?

A

2 cycles/min

45
Q

electrode placement: if one is bigger than the other, where is the current densest? ; electrodes closer vs. farther, where is the current most dense?

A

it will be denser around the smaller electrode; closer together does more superficial, with farther apart does deeper tissue

46
Q

acetic acid

A

negative, calcific deposits & myositis ossificans

47
Q

calcium choloride

A

negative, scar tissue, keloids, muscle spasms

48
Q

copper sulfate

A

positive; fungal infections

49
Q

dexamethasone

A

negative; inflammation

50
Q

iodine

A

negative; scars & adhesive capsulitis

51
Q

lidocaine

A

positive; analgesic, inflammation

52
Q

magnesium sulfate

A

positive; muscle spasms, ischemia

53
Q

salicylates

A

negative; muscle and joint pain, plantar warts

54
Q

zinc oxide

A

positive; healing, dermal ulcers, wounds

55
Q

positive ions go on which side vs. negative

A

positive go on anode (positive), negative go on cathode (negative) to repel

56
Q

a normal relaxed muscle should do what?

A

nothing. electrical silence

57
Q

what do spontaneous N potentials indicate

A

muscle or nerve damage

58
Q

fibrillation potential

A

indicative of LMN disease

59
Q

positive sharp wave

A

denervated muscle at rest, such as muscular dystrophy

60
Q

fasciculation

A

degeneration of anterior horn cell, nerve root compression, or muscle spssm

61
Q

repetitive discharges

A

myopathy, lesion of anterior horn cells and peropheral nerves

62
Q

polyphasic potentials - what diseases can this indiciate

A

abnormal - myopathy, muscle or anterior horn involvement - guillain barre, myasthenia gravis, peripheral neuropathy, poliomyelitis

63
Q

electrode N: lateral delt, biceps brachi

A

C5-6

64
Q

electrode N: tricpes, flexior carpi radialis

A

C6-7

65
Q

electrode N: extensor indicis

A

C7-8

66
Q

electrode N: abductor pollicis brevis, first dorsal interossei

A

C8-T1

67
Q

electrode N: vastus medialis

A

L2,3,4

68
Q

electrode N: tib anterior

A

L4-5

69
Q

electrode N: TFL

A

L4-5, S1

70
Q

electrode N: peronous longus

A

L5-S1

71
Q

electrode N: glut max, hamstrings

A

L5-S1,2

72
Q

electrode N: gastroc

A

S1-2

73
Q

effleurage

A

light touch at beginning/end of massage - can also be deep for a reflex response

74
Q

petrissage

A

kneading, perform in a distal to proximal movement

75
Q

tapotement

A

rapid alternating movements, tapping, etc to enhance circulation

76
Q

NMES

A

frequency 35-50 pulse/sec, 6-10sec on, 60-100sec off, 1-4sec ramp = 10 contractions min, 20 contractions max

77
Q

TENS

A

30-150pps, for nano seconds, for 20ish min; acupuncture = low pps, long duration, for ~45min, brief intense = high pps, long duration for ~15min, noxious = highest tolerated stimulus for up to 1sec, 30-60seconds for ea point

Neuro (17 decks)

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