Neuro Part 2 & Clotting Flashcards
What is mood ?
way a person feels or an “emotional state”
- more subjective
What is affect ?
observable response a person has to his or her own feelings
- how you are expressing that emotion (withdrawal, tears in face, tremors)
What is affective instability ?
rapid intense mood swings that are difficult to control
What is the primary system in control of emotions ?
limbic system
What is Substance-Induced Depressive Disorder ?
see them after raves often
- take a drug and the next day once it wears off you feel depressed
- caused by an increase in your neurotransmitter and after it wore off you had no neurotransmitter to feel happy
What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) ?
depression episodes before menses (period)
What is the major cause of depression ?
increase in glutamate
- excites the neurons which increases depression
What is Anhedonia ?
inability to feel pleasure in things you used to enjoy
What is generalized anxiety disorder ?
excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months
- individual finds it difficult to control the worry
How long does panic disorder last ?
typically lasts 15 to 30 minutes
- palpations, SOB, choking, depersonalization (face looks flat/no expression)
- more likely to occur in women
What are paradoxical effects ?
effect of a drug that is opposite then what is expected
- increase in anxiety, aggressiveness, agitation, confusion, loss of impulse control, violent behavior, and even convulsions
What causes ADHD/Narcolepsy ?
dysregulation of dopamine and norepinephrine
- both pathologies seem to be linked
What is Narcolepsy ?
sleep disorder characterized by excessive worry daytime sleepiness, brief episodes of muscle weakness triggered by strong emotions
What is ADHD ?
difficulty paying attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity
What is clotting ?
process in which blood is converted to a semi-solid gel
- starts in veins and arteries and can move to other places in the body
What can happen if too much clotting occurs ?
blood flow can be obstructed to major organs
What happens if you are missing one factor of the clotting cascade ?
have an increased risk for bleeding
How can Von Willebrand disease increase risk of a clotting disorder ?
missing von Willebrand factors which is a part of the clotting cascade
- ensure you can’t clot properly
What is Hemophilia ?
bleeding disorders where there is a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for clotting
- males are primary affected
In Hemophilia A what factor are you missing ?
Factor VIII
- most common
- produced by the liver and is required to form thromboplastin
- bleed for longer time but not at a faster rate
In Hemophilia B what factor are you missing ?
Factor IX
- less common
What lab tests can detect Hemophilia ?
- aPTT: the higher the number the higher the risk for bleeding
- factor levels
What are some clinical manifestations of Hemophilia ?
- prolonged bleeding
- hemorrhage from trauma
- excessive bruising
- subcutaneous and intramuscular hemorrhages
- hematomas (blood collection somewhere)
- spontaneous hematuria (blood in urine)
What are manifestations of DVT ?
blood clot in one or more of the deep veins, usually in the legs
- will have a pulse of some kind still
- venous clot
- redness, edema, pain
- warm skin
- positive Homan’s sign
- dehydration increased risk for clotting
How do you prevent DVT ?
- sequential compression devices (SCDs)
- early and aggressive mobilization
- dorsiflex/plantar flex exercises in bed
What determines the severity of hemophilia A ?
quantity of AHF
