Exam 2: Med Therapeutic Uses Flashcards
Cyclobenzaprine
relieves muscle spasms (short-term) due to musculoskeletal injury
- central acting muscle relaxant
Baclofen
relieves muscle spasticity (long-term) due to cerebral palsy (spinal injury & multiple sclerosis)
- central acting muscle relaxant
Carbidopa-Levodopa
relieves symptoms of Parkinson’s
- dopamine replacement/sympathomimetic
Benztropine
treats tremors in Parkinson’s
- Anticholinergic
- don’t given within 2 hr of taking antidiarrheals and antacids
Phenytoin
controls tonic-clonic seizures & partial seizures
- maintenance med: long term
- Anticonvulsant
Carbamazepine
treats partial seizures & tonic clonic seizures
- maintenance med
- Antiepileptic & Anticonvulsant
Diazepam
1st drug choice to treat status epilepticus
- rescue med
- Benzodiazepine
Sumatriptan
relieves symptoms of existing migraine or cluster headache
- serotonin agonist
Dextromethorphan
helps stop chronic nonproductive cough
- Antitussive
- CNS depression
- Short term only because of abuse potential
Phenylephrine
reduction of nasal congestion with allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and common cold
- activate alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
- Sympathomimetics/Decongestant
Cetirizine
(Zyrtec) relieves symptoms associated with seasonal & perennial allergies
- Antihistamine
- impaired kidney or liver function
Guaifenesin
(Mucinex) thins thick secretions to be able to cough up and out
- expectorants
- increased risk of hemorrhage with heparin or warfarin
Prednisone (oral)
short term management of post-exacerbation symptoms
- Glucocorticoid
Albuterol
treatment of asthma exacerbation
- rescue inhaler
- Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist
- lots of heart complications
Buspirone
short term treatment for certain anxiety disorders (GAD)
- no dependency issue
- Non-Benzodiazepine
Phenelzine
last resort in treating depression because of lots of side effects
- MAOIs
Bupropion
treats SAD, MDD, and smoking cessation
- Atypical Antidepressant
Alprazolam
(Xanax) treat anxiety
- GABA agonist
- Benzodiazepine
Clopidogrel
prevents reocculusion of coronary stents
- lasts length of platelet life (7-10 days)
- Antiplatelet (ADP inhibitor)
Salicylate
(Aspirin) reduce risk for MI, CVA, angina
- Antiplatelet, NSAIDs
Heparin
treatment of & prophylaxis for DVT
- Anticoagulant
- Antidote: protamine sulfate
Enoxaparin
prophylaxis of DVT
- Anticoagulant
- cousin of heparin
- less injections and dosing is more predictable
Warfarin
reduce risk for MI, CVA, & Angina and treatment of DVT and prophylaxis of blood clots
- Anticoagulant
- Antidote: Vitamin K
Fluoxetine
(Prozac) 1st choice for depression and/or anxiety disorders
- SSRIs
- preferred over TCAs and MAOIs because of less side effects
Amitriptyline
treats depression
- Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)
- carbidopa/levodopa can increase HTN
- Sympathomimetic effects
Factor VIII
treats hemophilia A
- Antihemophilic factors
Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine Sulfate
(Adderall) ADHD in kids and adults & Narcolepsy
- Amphetamines
With MAOIs what foods should you avoid ?
tyramine containing foods
- can cause HTN crisis
What is the expected pharmacological action of anticonvulsants ?
slows down influx of sodium through sodium channels
With antidepressant meds which herb should you avoid ?
St. Johns Wort
- can increase chances of serotonin syndrome
What is the expected pharmacological action of Phenylephrine ?
activate alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
- causes vasoconstriction (HTN, tachycardia, increased BP)
Which drugs can increase blood glucose levels ?
Prednisone and Baclofen
What labs do we monitor for Warfarin ?
INR and PT
What labs do we monitor for Heparin ?
aPTT
What antidepressants should be taken in the morning ?
Bupropion and Fluoxetine
- CNS effects (insomnia, agitation, anxiety)
Which antidepressant should be taken at bedtime ?
Amitriptyline
Which meds have the potential for abuse ?
Dextromethorphan, Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Phenylephrine
