Exam 2: Med Therapeutic Uses

Question 1

Cyclobenzaprine

Answer 1

relieves muscle spasms (short-term) due to musculoskeletal injury
- central acting muscle relaxant

Question 2

Baclofen

Answer 2

relieves muscle spasticity (long-term) due to cerebral palsy (spinal injury & multiple sclerosis)
- central acting muscle relaxant

Question 3

Carbidopa-Levodopa

Answer 3

relieves symptoms of Parkinson’s
- dopamine replacement/sympathomimetic

Question 4

Benztropine

Answer 4

treats tremors in Parkinson’s
- Anticholinergic
- don’t given within 2 hr of taking antidiarrheals and antacids

Question 5

Phenytoin

Answer 5

controls tonic-clonic seizures & partial seizures
- maintenance med: long term
- Anticonvulsant

Question 6

Carbamazepine

Answer 6

treats partial seizures & tonic clonic seizures
- maintenance med
- Antiepileptic & Anticonvulsant

Question 7

Diazepam

Answer 7

1st drug choice to treat status epilepticus
- rescue med
- Benzodiazepine

Question 8

Sumatriptan

Answer 8

relieves symptoms of existing migraine or cluster headache
- serotonin agonist

Question 9

Dextromethorphan

Answer 9

helps stop chronic nonproductive cough
- Antitussive
- CNS depression
- Short term only because of abuse potential

Question 10

Phenylephrine

Answer 10

reduction of nasal congestion with allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and common cold
- activate alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
- Sympathomimetics/Decongestant

Question 11

Cetirizine

Answer 11

(Zyrtec) relieves symptoms associated with seasonal & perennial allergies
- Antihistamine
- impaired kidney or liver function

Question 12

Guaifenesin

Answer 12

(Mucinex) thins thick secretions to be able to cough up and out
- expectorants
- increased risk of hemorrhage with heparin or warfarin

Question 13

Prednisone (oral)

Answer 13

short term management of post-exacerbation symptoms
- Glucocorticoid

Question 14

Albuterol

Answer 14

treatment of asthma exacerbation
- rescue inhaler
- Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist
- lots of heart complications

Question 15

Buspirone

Answer 15

short term treatment for certain anxiety disorders (GAD)
- no dependency issue
- Non-Benzodiazepine

Question 16

Phenelzine

Answer 16

last resort in treating depression because of lots of side effects
- MAOIs

Question 17

Bupropion

Answer 17

treats SAD, MDD, and smoking cessation
- Atypical Antidepressant

Question 18

Alprazolam

Answer 18

(Xanax) treat anxiety
- GABA agonist
- Benzodiazepine

Question 19

Clopidogrel

Answer 19

prevents reocculusion of coronary stents
- lasts length of platelet life (7-10 days)
- Antiplatelet (ADP inhibitor)

Question 20

Salicylate

Answer 20

(Aspirin) reduce risk for MI, CVA, angina
- Antiplatelet, NSAIDs

Question 21

Heparin

Answer 21

treatment of & prophylaxis for DVT
- Anticoagulant
- Antidote: protamine sulfate

Question 22

Enoxaparin

Answer 22

prophylaxis of DVT
- Anticoagulant
- cousin of heparin
- less injections and dosing is more predictable

Question 23

Warfarin

Answer 23

reduce risk for MI, CVA, & Angina and treatment of DVT and prophylaxis of blood clots
- Anticoagulant
- Antidote: Vitamin K

Question 24

Fluoxetine

Answer 24

(Prozac) 1st choice for depression and/or anxiety disorders
- SSRIs
- preferred over TCAs and MAOIs because of less side effects

Question 25

Amitriptyline

Answer 25

treats depression - Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) - carbidopa/levodopa can increase HTN - Sympathomimetic effects

Question 26

Factor VIII

Answer 26

treats hemophilia A - Antihemophilic factors

Question 27

Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine Sulfate

Answer 27

(Adderall) ADHD in kids and adults & Narcolepsy - Amphetamines

Question 28

With MAOIs what foods should you avoid ?

Answer 28

tyramine containing foods - can cause HTN crisis

Question 29

What is the expected pharmacological action of anticonvulsants ?

Answer 29

slows down influx of sodium through sodium channels

Question 30

With antidepressant meds which herb should you avoid ?

Answer 30

St. Johns Wort - can increase chances of serotonin syndrome

Question 31

What is the expected pharmacological action of Phenylephrine ?

Answer 31

activate alpha 1 adrenergic receptors - causes vasoconstriction (HTN, tachycardia, increased BP)

Question 32

Which drugs can increase blood glucose levels ?

Answer 32

Prednisone and Baclofen

Question 33

What labs do we monitor for Warfarin ?

Answer 33

INR and PT

Question 34

What labs do we monitor for Heparin ?

Answer 34

aPTT

Question 35

What antidepressants should be taken in the morning ?

Answer 35

Bupropion and Fluoxetine - CNS effects (insomnia, agitation, anxiety)

Question 36

Which antidepressant should be taken at bedtime ?

Answer 36

Amitriptyline

Question 37

Which meds have the potential for abuse ?

Answer 37

Dextromethorphan, Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Phenylephrine