Final: Therapeutic Use and Pharmacological Action

Question 1

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Answer 1

• Nonopioid Analgesic
• Use: fever reduction (antipyretic) & mild to moderate pain (analgesic)
• Action: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS
• absorbed in GI tract

Question 2

Allopurinol

Answer 2

• Use: tx of hyperuricemia due to chronic gout (prevents gout attacks (not decrease flare ups))
• Action: inhibits xanthine oxidase (prevents uric acid production)

Question 3

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

Answer 3

NSAID
- Use: inflammation suppression, for gout and RA, pain and fever, & diabetic neuropathy
- Action: reversibly inhibits COX1/2 enzymes (decrease in prostaglandin synthesis)

Question 4

Morphine

Answer 4

Opioid Agonist
- Use: moderate to severe pain (analgesic)
- Action: mimics natural opioids and binds to mu receptors

Question 5

Naloxone (Narcan)

Answer 5

Opioid Antagonist
- Use: reverse effects of opioid use & overdose
- Action: blocks opioid receptors, will increase RR, BP, and HR

Question 6

HAART Therapy

Answer 6

• Use: “cocktail” of drugs to disrupt HIV virus replication at many stages
• Action: doesn’t treat HIV but keeps it undetectable, keep viral load as low as possible, increases CD4 (good)

Question 7

Doxorubicin

Answer 7

CCNS Antitumor Antibiotic
- Use: radiation therapy, surgery, or tx of cancer, & tumors and hematologic cancers
- Action: distorts DNA helix structure and prevents DNA & RNA synthesis

Question 8

Tamoxifen

Answer 8

Hormone Antagonists
- Use: tx of estrogen-receptor (ER+) metastatic breast cancer

Question 9

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 9

Quinolone Antibiotics
- Use: wide range of bacterial infections & prevents anthrax
- Action: inhibits DNA replication & cell division

Question 10

Penicillin

Answer 10

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
- Use: tx of bacterial pneumonia & strep or broad-spectrum infections
- Action: weaken bacterial cell wall

Question 11

Vancomycin

Answer 11

Glycopeptide Antibiotics
- Use: tx of C.Diff & MRSA
- Action: weakens & destroys cell wall

Question 12

Baclofen

Answer 12

Central Acting Muscle Relaxant
- Use: relieves muscle spasticity due to cerebral palsy, spinal injury & multiple sclerosis
- Action: enhance inhibitory effects of GABA in spinal column

Question 13

Cyclobenzaprine

Answer 13

Central Acting Muscle Relaxant
- Use: relieves muscle spasms due to musculoskeletal injury
- Action: enhance inhibitory effects of GABA in spinal column

Question 14

Phenelzine

Answer 14

MAOIs
- Use: tx of depression (last resort since it has lots of side effects)
- Action: inhibits monoamine oxidase which increases dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine levels

Question 15

Amitriptyline

Answer 15

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
- Use: tx of depression
- Action: increase serotonin and norepinephrine by inhibiting their reuptake in post synaptic gap

Question 16

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Answer 16

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRIs)
- Use: tx of depression and/or anxiety disorders (1st choice cause of less side effects)
- Action: increase neurotransmitter serotonin available in the synapses

Question 17

Furosemide

Answer 17

Loop Diuretic
- Use: pulmonary edema in heart failure & HTN not controlled by other diuretics
- Action: blocks reabsorption of Na and Cl in the loop of Henle

Question 18

Metoprolol

Answer 18

Beta-1 Blocker/Antiadrenergic
- Use: HTN, angina, tx of heart failure, tx to decrease mortality following MI
- Action: blocks cardiac beta-1 receptors (decreases: HR, contractility and release of renin)

Question 19

Spironolactone

Answer 19

Aldosterone Antagonist/Inhibitor
- Use: tx of HTN, symptoms of heart failure following MI
- Action: blocks aldosterone receptors (increase urinary excretion of Na, H20, and urinary retention of K+)

Question 20

Enoxaparin

Answer 20

Anticoagulant “cousin of heparin”
- Use: prophylaxis of DVT
- Action: inactivate factor Xa (longer 1/2 life then heparin so less injections and more predictable dosing)

Question 21

Heparin

Answer 21

Anticoagulant
- Use: inactivate Xa & thrombin
- Action: tx of and prophylaxis of DVT

Question 22

Warfarin

Answer 22

Anticoagulant
- Use: reduce risk for MI, CVA, and stroke, tx and prophylaxis of DVT or blood clots
- Action: blocks action of vitamin K dependent clotting factors

Question 23

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Answer 23

Thyroid Replacement (T4)
- Use: tx of hypothyroidism
- Action: supplies body with synthetic T4 which is then converted to T3

Question 24

Sucralfate

Answer 24

Mucosal Protectant
- Use: acute duodenal ulcers & tx of stomach ulcers
- Action: creates a chemical reaction in the stomach that produces a gel covering over the ulcer (not absorbed)

Question 25

Omeprazole

Answer 25

Proton Pump Inhibitor
- Use: gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD
- Action: prevents 90% of acid secretion for 24 hrs, & binds to H+/K+ ATPase enzyme (prevents H+ ions from parietal cells to the stomach)

Question 26

Ondansetron

Answer 26

Serotonin Antagonist/Blocker
- Use: for N & V in pt’s with chemo, and postoperative N & V (1st choice med for nausea)
- Action: block serotonin receptors the GI tract, CTZ and VC

Question 27

Albuterol

Answer 27

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist
- Use: tx of asthma exacerbation (rescue inhaler)
- Action: promote bronchodilation, relieve bronchospasm

Question 28

Phenylephrine

Answer 28

Sympathomimetic/Decongestant
- Use: reduction of nasal congestion with allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and common cold
- Action: active alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in the nose causing vasoconstriction of blood vessels and turbinate shrinkage which opens nasal passages

Question 29

Prednisone

Answer 29

Glucocorticoid
- Use: short term management of post-exacerbation symptoms
- Action: prevent release of inflammation mediators, prevent action of cells for inflammation, & decrease edema in airways

Question 30

Insulins

Answer 30

Use: tx of DM (type 1, 2, & gestational)