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Anatomy 2 > Neuro 8 > Flashcards

Neuro 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Fibers from nasal half of retina cross to

A

contralateral optic tract

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2
Q

Fibers from temporal half of retina enter

A

ipsilateral optic tract

So each optic tract “sees” the contralateral visual field

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3
Q

Damage anterior to chiasm only affects

A

ispilateral eye

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4
Q

Damage at chiasm causes

A

heteronymous deficits

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5
Q

Damage to optic tract causes

A

homonymous deficits

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6
Q

XII - hypoglossal

A

Axon: GSE
Origin: Hypoglossal nucleus
Peripheral termination: Tongue muscles

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7
Q

XI - accessory

A

Axon: SVE
Origin: Accessory nucleus in cervical spinal cord (caudal medulla to ~C5)

Peripheral termination: Sternomastoid, trapezius

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8
Q

IX - a lot - IX: Somatic Afferents

A

Skin of ear & middle ear
Superior ganglion of IX nerve
Trigeminal spinal nucleus

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9
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve Fibers - neuronal cell bodies in

A

Neuronal cell bodies in hypoglossal nucleus

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10
Q

Hypoglossal nerve fibers exit

A

Exits adjacent to pyramid

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11
Q

Hypoglossal nerve (lower motor neuron) lesion:

A

Deviation toward lesion
Fasciculations
Atrophy

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12
Q

Hypoglossal Corticobulbar Fibers from

A

motor cortex

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13
Q

Hypoglossal Corticobulbar Fibers decussate

A

adjacent to hypoglossal nucleus

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14
Q

Corticobulbar (upper motor neuron) lesion

A

Deviation toward side opposite UMN lesion
No fasciculations
Minimal atrophy

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15
Q

Effect of Accessory Nerve Lesion on the Trapezius Muscle

A

Scapula and clavicle hang due to weak trapezius
Weak shoulder shrug as levator scapulae must work alone
Muscle atrophy leads to scalloped appearance of neck contour

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16
Q

Each vallate papilla is surrounded by a

  • IX afferents
A

groove filled with taste buds. These taste buds are innervated by IX

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17
Q

Carotid body

  • IX: Visceral Afferents
A

: Blood O2, CO2 & pH

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18
Q

Carotid sinus:

- IX: Visceral Afferents

A

Changes in blood pressure

Inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve
Solitary nucleus

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19
Q

Special visceral

(efferents - IX)

A 
Nucleus ambiguus
Stylopharyngeus muscle (elevates pharynx in speech & swallowing
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20
Q

General visceral

(efferents - IX)

A

Inferior salivatory nucleus
Otic ganglion
Parotid salivary gland

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21
Q

Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia

A

Similar to trigeminal neuralgia
Rare, but distressing
Sudden burst of pain starts in posterior tongue or wall of pharynx, then radiates to ear
Trigger zone on tongue/ pharynx and attacks precipitated by swallowing or talking
Pharmacologic management or tractotomy of spinal trigeminal tract in caudal medulla

22
Q

X GSA

A

Origin: Spinal trigeminal nucleus
Superior ganglion of X

Termination: Skin of outer ear

23
Q

X SVA

A

Origin: Nucleus of the solitary tract
Inferior ganglion of X

Termination: Taste buds: epiglottis & esophagus

24
Q

X GVA

A

Origin: Nucleus of the solitary tract,
Inferior ganglion of X

Termination: Thoracic & abdominal viscera; mucosa of larynx & pharynx; stretch receptors aortic arch; chemoreceptors aortic bodies

25
Q

X GVE

A

Origin: Dorsal motor nucleus, nucleus ambiguus

Termination: Thoracic and abdominal viscera: smooth muscle and glands

26
Q

X SVE

A

Origin: Nucleus ambiguus

Termination: Larynx & pharynx

27
Q

IX SSA

A

Origin: Nucleus of solitary tract

Termination: Taste buds posterior 1/3 tongue

28
Q

IX GVA

A

Origin: Nucleus of solitary tract

Termination: Carotid body and sinus

29
Q

IX GSA

A

Origin: Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Termination: Mucosa posterior 1/3 tongue, pharynx and middle ear, Skin of outer ear

30
Q

IX GVE

A

Origin: Inferior salivatory nucleus
Otic ganglion

Termination: Parotid gland

31
Q

IX SVE

A

Origin: Nucleus ambiguus

Termination: Pharynx

32
Q

X: Somatic Afferents

A

Skin of ear
Superior ganglion of X
Trigeminal spinal nucleus

33
Q

X Afferents

A

Thoracic and abdominal viscera
Aortic arch baroreceptors blood pressure & chemoreceptors (blood O2 & CO2)
Inferior ganglion of vagus nerve
Solitary nucleus of vagus nerve

34
Q

X Efferents

A 
Nucleus ambiguus (lateral)
Nucleus ambiguus (medial)
Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
35
Q

Nucleus ambiguus (lateral)

A

Muscles of speech and swallowing

36
Q

Nucleus ambiguus (medial)

A

Heart and lungs

37
Q

Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

A

All viscera up to transverse colon

38
Q

Tongue Thrust Reflex

A

Infants, may persist up to eight years
Can contribute to speech and orthodontic issues
CN V or IX: afferent limb
CN XII: efferent limb

Tongue thrust in response to stimulation of pharynx wall; up to 4 – 6 months of age
67–95% of children 5–8 years old exhibit tongue thrust

39
Q

Gag Reflex

A

CN IX – afferent component
CN X – efferent component
Central connections not clear

Touch one side of pharynx; elicit a bilateral response
Central connections may involve the spinal trigeminal tract & nucleus or the solitary tract & nucleus or both as well as the nucleus ambiguus

40
Q

SVE, special visceral efferent - XI

A

goes in and then back out again (of skull)**

41
Q

UMN
LMN

How to tell apart for tongue?

A

Atrophy – hallmark of LMN. Also, if you injure corticobulbar pathway, you will injure and damage other things.**

42
Q

Genioglossus

A

main muscle of tongue protrusion. It throws tongue out in essence**

43
Q

IX: Visceral Efferents

A

Postganglionic cell bodies in Otic ganglion**

44
Q

Tongue thrust in response to stimulation of

A

pharynx wall; up to 4 – 6 months of age

67–95% of children 5–8 years old exhibit tongue thrust

45
Q

Central connections may involve the

A

spinal trigeminal tract & nucleus or the solitary tract & nucleus or both as well as the nucleus ambiguus

46
Q

Example

A

79 year male who had a stroke
Hoarse voice - larryngeal muscles talk – innerfvated by 10. Not absent altogether, because it is unilateral. You need bilateral to lose all.

Lost pain sensation, right face. Spinaltrigeminal can account for this.
Lost pain sensation, left body. Ascending sensory system, spinothalamic.
Right side palatal hemiparalysis – 10 as well.
What do you think the gag reflex would show?
No response on right, only left would jump up.
Where is this patient’s lesion?

Most common brain stem stroke can take out trigeminal nerve.
No jaw weakness because while no pain and temp, trigeminal motor nucleus is in pons, and not supplied by PICA. Body is not weak because motor function for body is down pyramids. It is anterior to medial lemniscus, not supplied by PICA.

47
Q

Tectum

A

tissue posterior to ventricular cavity. – made up by superior and inferior colliculi.

48
Q

Homonculus leg hangs over

A

longitudinal fissure – stroke here would hurt that

49
Q

Anterior cerebral artery territory

A

frontal lobe = top of brain

50
Q

MCA

A

facial and upper extremity issues/loss if this is destroyed.

Anatomy 2 (15 decks)

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