Neuro 2

Question 1

Interlamina adhesion

Answer 1

connects thalamus and hypo.

Question 2

Intermediate horn

Answer 2

autonomics

Question 3

Visceral Efferent

Answer 3

vessels (motor)

Question 4

somatic efferent

Answer 4

muscles (motor)

Question 5

somatic afferent

Answer 5

skin, muscles (sensory)

Question 6

Epineurium

Answer 6

provides tensile strength, continuous with dura

Question 7

Perineurium

Answer 7

continuous with arachnoid, blood-nerve barrier

Question 8

Two types of encapsulated receptors:

Answer 8

Muscle spindles, detect muscle length

Golgi tendon organs, detect muscle tension

Question 9

Filum terminale

Answer 9

fixed to bottom of sacrum (coccyx). Kind of the remnant of cord regression.

Question 10

Dorsal rootlets enter cord in

Answer 10

posterolateral sulcus

Question 11

Ventral rootlets leave cord from

Answer 11

anterolateral sulcus

Question 12

Anterior white commissure

Answer 12

two sides of cord communicate thru it. White matter, important crossing pathway.

Question 13

Posterior intermediate sulcus

Answer 13

Separates bundles of sensory fibers arising from the:
Leg - fasciculus gracilis (FG)
Arm - fasciculus cuneatus (FC)

Question 14

fasciculus gracilis

Answer 14

leg

Question 15

fasciculus cuneatus

Answer 15

arm

Question 16

Lumbosacral level

Answer 16

Not so much ascending white matter. Generally smaller in proportion to greymatter. Anterior horns are huge, have nurons that control leg movement. No prominent intermediate sulcus .

Question 17

Posterior horn

Answer 17

Consists mostly of interneurons – don’t project outside much. Receives projection and talks to neurons in viscinity.
Processes remain in cord and
Projection neurons,long axons collect form ascending sensory pathways. Cortex down spinal cord.

Question 18

Substantia gelatinosa

Answer 18

pain and temperature (**) – has opiod receptors there. Continuous with trigeminal spinal nucleus (pain and temp for face.

Question 19

Lissauer’s tract

Answer 19

finely myelinated & unmyelinated fibers

Question 20

Cytoarchitechtonic cell groups of Rexed

Laminae of importance include:

Answer 20

Lamina I - relays sensory signals
Lamina II - substantia gelatinosa (important in pain)
Lamina V - relays sensory signals

Question 21

Spinal accessory nucleus (caudal medulla to C5),

Answer 21

forms accessory nerve (spinal accessory nerve)

Question 22

Phrenic nucleus, innervates diaphragm

Answer 22

makes cervical cord injury serious, patient can not breathe

Question 23

Spinal cord gray matter: Intermediate

Answer 23

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons all in T1-L3, most located in intermediolateral cell column, lateral extension of gray matter
Axons leave thru ventral roots
S2-S4, sacral parasympathetic nucleus, does not form a distinct horn
Axons leave via anterior roots and supply pelvic viscera

Question 24

Clarke’s nucleus

Answer 24

intermediate cord - collection of neurons on medial surface of intermediate gray matter from T1 – L2
Relay nucleus for transmission of info to cerebellum, proprioceptive info from leg. Monitors position in space.
Since sensory many consider it part of posterior horn

Question 25

Spinothelamic tract

Answer 25

conveys pain and temp

Question 26

Corticospinal tract

Answer 26

descending motor system

Question 27

conus medullaris

Answer 27

caudal cone-shaped end of the spinal cord. It extends to the L1 - L2 interspace

Question 28

filum terminale

Answer 28

consists of the pia and arachnoid that extend from the conus medullaris to the coccyx (tail bone). Track of regression of spinal cord during development.

Question 29

cauda equina

Answer 29

consists of dorsal and ventral roots and occupies the lumbar cistern.

Question 30

Suspended by denticulate ligaments

Answer 30

pia-arachnoid extensions

Question 31

great radicular artery (artery of Adamkiewicz

Answer 31

found at about T12 in most individuals, is especially large and is known as the great radicular artery (artery of Adamkiewicz

Question 32

Motor part of cord supplied by

Answer 32

anterior spinal artery

Question 33

Sensory part of cord supplied by

Answer 33

posterior spinal artery

Question 34

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 34

Controls visceral activity

Question 35

One difference

Answer 35

Sympathetic & parasympathetic efferents do not reach their targets directly: a two-neuron chain is involved. They stop short and go to another.
1) Preganglionic cell body in CNS, 2) postganglionic neuron in ganglion

Question 36

Sympathetics & Parasympathetics

Answer 36

Preganglionic fibers: thin myelin
Postganglionic fibers: unmyelinated
Sympathetic ganglia located near CNS
Parasympathetic ganglia near innervated organ

Question 37

Sympatheticsystem

Answer 37

Preganglionic fibers from T1 to L2/3 segments

Go down ventral roots, travel in spinal nerve to sympathetic chain, prevertebral ganglia, adrenal gland

Question 38

Medulla vagus nerve

Answer 38

Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
Parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies serving GI tract and gut derivatives
Nucleus ambiguus (hard to find)
Parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies serving heart
A little bit of a generalization and overlap

Question 39

Axons exit along with other vagal nerve fibers

Answer 39

Terminate in:
Wall of target tissue
Viscera from thorax to transverse colon
Location of postganglionic nerve cell bodies

Question 40

Sympathetic: Preganglionic fibers

Answer 40

Some fibers synapse in nearest ganglion
Some ascend chain, synapse in SCG or MCG
Some descend, synapse in lumbar/ sacral ganglia
Some traverse chain, emerge as splanchnic nerves

Question 41

Referred Pain

Answer 41

Occurs when visceral structure is innervated by same cord level as surface structure
Mixing of signals at spinal cord & brainstem levels
No somatotopic maps of viscera