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Anatomy 2 > Neuro 1 > Flashcards

Neuro 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nerve cell bodies

A

Nucleus, ganglion

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2
Q

Axons in the central nervous system

A

Tract
Lemniscus
Peduncle
All bundles of white fibers and axons going in one direction or the other.
Axons in the peripheral nervous system: nerve

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3
Q

Sagittal plane

A

midline

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4
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

parallel to midline

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5
Q

Coronal/frontal

A

parallel to long axis of body

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6
Q

Transverse/ horizontal

A

perpendicular long axis of body

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7
Q

Monoamines

A

reticular formation of brainstem. Very excitatory and important clinically.

Acetylcholine – either or.

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8
Q

Neuropeptides

A

more of a modulatory function. Can make downstream neuron more or less sensitive

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9
Q

Substance P

A

prominent in spinal cord (pain)

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10
Q

Ridges

A

Gyri

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11
Q

Grooves

A

Sulci - deep = fissure

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12
Q

Postcentral gyrus parietal lobe

A

is primary somatosensory cortex, concerned with initial processing of tactile and proprioceptive information

Inferior parietal lobule of one hemisphere (typically left) involved with language comprehension, part of Wernike’s area
Rest of parietal cortex: complex aspects of spatial orientation and directing attention – finding car in parking lot.

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13
Q

Primary auditory cortex Temporal lobe

A

superior surface of temporal lobe, part of superior temporal gyrus

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14
Q

medial temporal lobe

A

Learning & memory

other; Language comprehension, part of Wernike’s area in posterior aspect of one hemisphere (usually left)
Higher order visual processing- much of temporal lobe

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15
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

in banks of calcarine sulcus and a bit of surrounding cortex

Rest of lobe consists of visual association cortex, involved in higher order visual processing
Some visual association areas extend into temporal lobe

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16
Q

Insula

A

Some taste and vestibular function, but not well understood.

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17
Q

The Thalamus

A

Ovoid gray matter mass consists of multiple nuclei

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18
Q

Massa intermedia or interthalamic adhesion

A

area of thalamic fusion across midline (not seen in all brains)

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19
Q

Thalamic functions

A

Significantly important in most CNS functions
No sensory information except olfaction reaches the cerebral cortex without a stop in the thalamus
Involved in motor system neural circuits, which are loops that involve the cerebellum and basal ganglia
Limbic system projections to cortex also stop in thalamus first

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20
Q

Infundibular stalk

A

connects hypothalamus with pituitary

21
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Major visceral control center also has limbic functions
Inferior surface visible on base of the brain
Mammillary bodies

Very important, because it can control pituitary gland. Controls autonomic nervous system.

22
Q

Caudate, putamen & globus pallidus

A

involved in movement control

23
Q

Olfactory nerve

A

Olfactory nerve consists of a bundle of axons that terminate in olfactory bulb at anterior end of olfactory tract

Right to cortex – dodges the thalamus.

24
Q

Optic nerve

A

Join to form optic chiasm where half of the fibers cross the midline giving rise to the optic tract
Optic tract ends in thalamus
Embryologically part of diencephalon so part of CNS, not PNS

25
Q

Oculomotor

A

emerges from interpeduncular fossa

26
Q

Trochlear

A

emerges from dorsal aspect of brainstem, the only one to do so All others come ventrally.

27
Q

Vestibulocochlear

A

Emerges from cerebellopontine angle

28
Q

Accessory

A

Emerges from upper cervical spinal cord, ascends into skull then reverses and goes back into neck

29
Q

Gyri

A

folia. Has vestibular functions (fleca lobular lobe).

Lateral = complex motor functions in humans

30
Q

Septum pelucidum

A

separates lateral ventricles

31
Q

CSF flow

A

CSF is formed by choroid plexus in the lateral (and 4th and 3rd) ventricles. From the atrium, lateral and (less so) third ventricles CSF flows down the cerebral aqueduct (in the midbrain) to 4th ventricle and out the median (foramen of Magendie) and lateral (Luschka) apertures (one lateral aperture on each side) down the brainstem and spinal cord or around the brain surface to the arachnoid granulations and into the superior sagittal sinus.

32
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

Major sites of CSF reabsorption into the venous system
CSF > venous pressure, bulk flow, but exact mechanism unknown

Goes right into superior sagital sinus to venous system.

33
Q

Falx cerebri

A

between cerebral hemispheres

34
Q

tentorial notch or incisure

A

Space in tentorium were brainstem passes thru

35
Q

Supratentorial

A

cerebrum

36
Q

Infratentorial space

A

cerebellum & brainstem a.k.a posterior fossa structures

37
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

b/w cerebrum & cerebellum

38
Q

Epidural tear

A

due to tear of meningeal arteries so blood between skull & dura

39
Q

subdural tear

A

Subdural due to tear of bridging veins so blood in inner most dural layer, near dura-arachnoid interface

40
Q

Superior sagittal sinus (SSS)

A

The superior sagittal sinus is located at the site where the falx cerebri attaches to the dura overlying the cerebral convexities. Blood flows posteriorly to the confluence.

41
Q

Falx cerebelli (FC)

A

This is a small structure that partially separates the two cerebellar hemispheres.

42
Q

Transverse sinus (TS)

A

The transverse sinuses are paired structures located at the line of attachment of the tentorium to the dura covering the brain surface.

43
Q

Confluence of sinuses (CS)

A

The location of the confluence could be seen on the previous slide, but here is it more readily apparent and you can see how the transverse and superior sagittal sinus drain into it.

Where sinuses meet.

44
Q

Superficial & deep venous systems

A

Superficial: on cerebral surface, most empty into superior sagittal sinus
Deep: drain internal structures, empties into straight sinus

45
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

A

Runs medially and enters longitudinal fissure

then it arches posteriorly and follows corpus callosum
Supplies medial parts of frontal and parietal lobes, note some branches extend over the dorsolateral surface

46
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery

A

Runs laterally into lateral sulcus, divides into many branches

Supplies most of lateral cerebral hemispheres

47
Q

SCA

A

supplies superior cerebellum, caudal midbrain and rostral pons

48
Q

AICA

A

supplies anterior portions of the inferior surface of cerebellum (flocculus) and caudal pons

49
Q

Posterior cerebral artery

A

Branches supply medial & inferior surfaces of temporal and occipital lobes
Branches also go to rostral midbrain and posterior diencephalon

Anatomy 2 (15 decks)

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