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Anatomy 2 > Dev 1 > Flashcards

Dev 1 Flashcards

1
Q

rhombencephalon

A

4th ventricle

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2
Q

diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle

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3
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

lateral ventricles

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4
Q

interventricular foramen (of Monro)

A

connects a lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventricle.

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5
Q

cerebral aqueduct (or aqueduct of Sylvius).

A

The 3rd ventricle is connected to the 4th ventricle via this

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6
Q

neuroepithelial cells

A

the walls of the neural tube are made of rapidly dividing pseudostratified cells

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7
Q

Neuroepithelial layer

A

Once the neural tube closes the neuroepithelial layer (currently only made of neuroepithelial cells) will begin to differentiate to give rise to another cell type. This other cell type are primitive nerve cells (aka neuroblasts). These primitive nerve cells will form their own cell layer called the mantle layer. This mantle layer surrounds the neuroepithelial layer.

Neuroepithelial layer – primitive neural tube cells, will be neuroblasts to neurons. Axons and dendrites occupy mantle layer.

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8
Q

mantle layer

A

will become gray matter of spinal cord

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9
Q

Marginal layer

A

The marginal layer will become the white matter of the spinal cord.

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10
Q

Basal plates

A

The ventral thickenings on the left and right sides are called the basal plates - spinal cord, comes from mantle layer.

will form the ventral (motor) horns of the spinal cord

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11
Q

Alar plates

A

dorsal thickenings on the left and right sides are called the alar plates.

will form the dorsal (sensory) horns of the spinal cord

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12
Q

Adults have no

A

Adult – no neuroepithelial layer.

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13
Q

intermediate horn

A

An additional horn will form the basal plate called the intermediate horn that will contain the presynaptic sympathetic nerve cell bodies, and will only exist from T1-L2/3.

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14
Q

Glial cells

A

Astrocyte

  • Oligodendroglia
  • Ependymal
  • Microglia
  • Schwann (neural crest)
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15
Q

ependymal cells

A

which are the cells lining the central canal of the spinal cord and the other ventricular spaces within the CNS.

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16
Q

association neurons (aka interneurons).

A

Axons of the alar plate (dorsal sensory horn) will either ascend of descend within the marginal layer of the spinal cord as association neurons (aka interneurons).

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17
Q

General) Somatic Efferent

GSE

A

Somatic striated muscles (skeletal muscles that contract voluntarily except for those derived from the pharyngeal arches).

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18
Q 
Special Visceral (brachial) Efferent
SVE
A

Striated (skeletal) muscles derived from the pharyngeal arches, except for CN XI.

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19
Q

General Visceral Efferent

A

aka the autonomic nervous system.

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20
Q

(General) Somatic Afferent (general sensory)

GSA

A

General sensations such as touch, temperature & pain.

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21
Q

Special Afferent

A

Special sense (taste, smell, vision, hearing & balance).

22
Q

General Visceral Afferent

A

Interoceptive information.

23
Q

The myelencephalon will become the

A

medulla oblongata

24
Q

pontine nuclei

A

pons - which are involved in transmitting formation between the cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex).

25
Q

rhombic lips

A

The dorsolateral parts of the alar plates will grow out (rhombic lips) and encompass the 4th ventricle, merging to the form the cerebellar plate.

26
Q

The basal plates within the mesencephalon will only form two of the three possible groups:

A

(1) Somatic efferent

(2) general visceral efferent

27
Q

crus cerebri

A

The marginal layer around the basal plates will enlarge to form the crus cerebri (aka cerebral peduncles), which like the pons, act as a pathway for fibers between the cerebral cortex and the pons and spinal cord.

28
Q

Superior (anterior) colliculus

A

correction and reflexes of visual impulses

29
Q

Inferior (posterior) colliculus

A

synaptic relay for auditory reflexes.

30
Q

The roof plate - diencephalon

A

Diencephalon will form from the medial part of the prosencephalon. The diencephalon has alar plates and a roof plate. The roof plate will form the choroid plexus of the 3rd ventricle and will form the pineal body (aka epiphysis). The pineal body modulates how light/dark impact the endocrine system and behavior. Circadian rhythm.

31
Q

Hypothalamic sulcus

A

separates hypo and thalamus (feint line).

32
Q

Telencephalon

A

The telencephalon forms the lateral parts of the prosencephalon. The most lateral aspects of the telencephalon is the cerebral cortex. Deep to the cerebral cortex (but still part of the cerebral hemispheres) are some limbic structures, most of the basal ganglia, and the internal capsule.

33
Q

The autonomic nervous system

A

The autonomic nervous system (parasympathetic & sympathetic) are two neuron systems. The first neuron (preganglionic) exists in the craniosacral region (parasympathetic) or in the thoracolumbar region (sympathetic) in the gray matter of the brainstem and spinal cord. The second neuron (in both parasympathetic and sympathetic) are derived from neural crest cells.

In both cases the soma of the first neuron is located in the CNS
In both cases the soma of the second neuron is in the PNS and is derived from neural crest cells

34
Q

anencephaly

A

Cranial region opening = anencephaly

- usually causes brain to not develop.

35
Q

Folic Acid

A

-Folic Acid shown to prevent upwards of 70% of NTDs

36
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

abnormal accumulation of CSF, obstruction of cerebral aqueduct

37
Q

CN 1

A

olfactory - special afferent

CN I is associated with the cerebral cortex.

38
Q

CN II

A

Optic nerve - special afferent

CN II is associated with the diencephalon.

39
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor - General somatic efferent, General visceral efferent

CN’s III through XII are associated with the brainstem.
CN III is associated with the midbrain.

40
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear- general somatic efferent

41
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal nerve -

special visceral efferent
General somatic afferent

42
Q

CN VI

A

abducens - general somatic efferent

43
Q

CN VII

A

Facial nerve:

Special visceral efferent, General visceral efferent
General somatic afferent, special visceral afferent

44
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear - special afferent

45
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal -
Special visceral efferent, General visceral efferent
General somatic afferent, special visceral afferent
special afferent

46
Q

CN X

A

vagus -
Special visceral efferent, General visceral efferent
General somatic afferent, special visceral afferent
special afferent

47
Q

CN XI

A

accessory -

special visceral efferent

48
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal - general somatic efferent

49
Q

CNs VI through XII are associated with the

A

hindbrain (pons & medulla).

50
Q

The hindbrain is split into eight

A

rhombomeres, which give rise to the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves.

Anatomy 2 (15 decks)

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