Neuro Flashcards
Unilateral, severe periorbital headache with tearing and conjunctival erythema
Cluster headache
Prophylactic treatment for migraine
Antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, dietary changes
The most common pituitary tumour
Treatment?
Prolactinoma
Dopamine agonists e.g bromocriptine or cabergoline
A 55 year old patient presents with acute ‘broken speech’. What type of aphasia?
What lobe and vascular distribution?
Broca aphasia
Frontal lobe. Left MCA distribution
Most common cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)
Trauma
Second is berry aneurysm
Crescent shaped hyper density on CT that does not cross the midline
Subdural haematoma - bridging veins torn
A history significant for initial altered mental status with an intervening lucid interval. Diagnosis?
Most likely source?
Treatment?
Epidural haematoma
Middle meningeal artery
Requires neurosurgical evacuation
CSF findings with SAH
Raised ICP, RBCs, xanthochromia
Albuminocytologic dissociation
Guillain-Barré syndrome (high protein in CSF without a significant rise in cell count)
Cold water is flushed into a patient’s ear, and the fast phase of the nystagmus is toward the opposite side. Normal or pathological?
Normal
Most common primary sources of metastasis to the brain
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney, GI
May be seen in children who are accused of inattention in class and are often confused with ADHD
Absence seizures
The most frequent presentation of intracranial neoplasm
Headache
Primary neoplasms are much less common than brain mets
Most common cause of seizures in kids 2-10yrs
Infection, febrile seizures, trauma, idiopathic
Most common cause of seizures in young adults 18-35yrs
Trauma, EtOH withdrawal, brain tumour
First line medication for status epilepticus
IV benzodiazepine
Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
Wernicke encephalopathy due to a deficiency of thiamine
What % lesion in a symptomatic patient is an indication for carotid endarterectomy?
70%
Most common causes of dementia
Alzheimer’s disease and vascular/multi-infarct
A combined upper motor neuron (UMN) & lower motor neuron disorder (LMN)?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Rigidity and stiffness with unilateral resting tremor and masked fancies
Parkinson’s disease
The mainstay of Parkinson therapy
Levodopa/ carbidopa
Treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome
IVIG or plasmapheresis
Avoid steroids
Rigidity and stiffness that progress to choreiform movements, accompanied by moodiness and altered behaviour
Huntington disease
A 6 year old girl presents with a port-wine stain in the V1 distribution as well as with intellectual disability, seizures, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Treat symptomatically
Possible focal cerebral resection of the affected lobe
Multiple cafe au lait spots on skin
Neurofibromatosis 1
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality & hyperdocility
Klüver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
May be administered to a symptomatic patient to diagnose myasthenia gravis
Edrophonium
