Infectious Disease Flashcards
Three most common causes of PUO
Infection
Cancer
Autoimmune disease
Signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis
Fever, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudate, LACK of cough
Nonsuppurative complication of streptococcal infection that is not altered by treatment of primary infection
Post infectious glomerulonephritis
Most common predisposing factor for acute sinusitis
Viral URI
Asplenic patients are particularly susceptible to…
Encapsulated organisms:– pneumococcus, meningococcus, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella
The number of bacteria needed on a clean-catch specimen to diagnose a UTI
10^5 bacteria/ml
Which healthy population in susceptible to UTIs?
Pregnant women –> Tx this group aggressively because of high risk of complications
A patient from California or Arizona presents with fever, malaise, cough, and night sweats.
Dx? Tx?
Coccidiodomycosis
Tx: amphotericin B
Non painful chancre
Primary syphilis
A ‘blueberry muffin’ rash is characteristic of what congenital infection?
Rubella
Meningitis in neonate
Causes?
Tx?
GBS, E.coli, Listeria
Tx: gentamicin & ampicillin
Meningitis in infants
Causes?
Tx?
Pneumococcus, meningococcus, H.influenzae
Tx: cefotaxime & vancomycin
What should always be done prior to LP?
Check for raised ICP
Look for papilloedema
CSF: low glucose, PMN predominance
Bacterial meningitis
CSF: normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance
Viral (aseptic) meningitis
CSF: numerous RBCs in serial CSF samples
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)
CSF: raised gamma globulins
Multiple sclerosis
Initially presents with a pruritic papule with regional lymphadenopathy; evolves into a black eschar after 7-10 days
Tx?
Cutaneous anthrax
Tx: penicillin G or ciprofloxacin
Findings in tertiary syphilis
Tabes dorsalis, general paresis, gummas, Argyll Robertson pupil, aortitis, aortic root aneurysms
Characteristics of secondary Lyme disease
Arthralgias, migratory polyarthropathies, Bell’s palsy, myocarditis
Cold agglutinins
Mycoplasma
A 24 year old man presents with soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat.
Dx? Work up? Tx?
Candidal thrush –> HIV test
Tx: nystatin oral suspension
At what CD4 count should Pneumocystic jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis be initiated in an HIV +ve?
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis?
<200 for P. Jiroveci (with TMP-SMX)
<50-100 for MAC
MAC prophylaxis: clarithromycin/erythromycin
Rick factors for pyelonephritis
Pregnancy Vesicoureteric reflux Anatomical anomalies Indwelling catheters Kidney stones
Neutropenic nadir post- chemotherapy
7-10 days
Erythema migrans
Lesion for primary Lyme disease
Classic physical findings for endocarditis
Fever, new onset murmur, Oslers nodes, splinter haemorrhages, Janeway lesions, Roth spots
Aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease
Parvovirus B19
Branching rods in oral infection
Actinomyces israelii
Weakly gram positive, partially acid-fast in lung infection
Nocardia asteroides
Painful chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi
Dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
Gardener
Sporothrix schenckii
Raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts
Trichinella spiralis
Perianal itching
Enterobius vermicularis
Sheepherders with liver cysts
Echinococcus granulosus
Pregnant women with pets
Toxoplasma gondii
Meningitis in adults
Neisseria meningitidis
Meningitis in elderly
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Meningoenceohalitis in AIDS patients
Cryptococcus neoformans
Alcoholic with pneumonia
Klebsiella
“Currant jelly” sputum
Klebsiella
Malignant external otitis
Pseudomonas
Infection in burn victims
Pseudomonas
Osteomyelitis from a foot wound puncture
Pseudomonas
Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient
Salmonella
A 55 year old man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms. Gram stain shows no organisms; silver stain sputum shows gram negative rods
Legionella pneumonia
A middle aged man presents with acute onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell palsy
Dx? Transmission? Tx?
Lyme disease –> Ixodes tick
Doxycycline
A patient develops endocarditis 3 weeks after receiving a prosthetic heart valve
Staph aureus OR staph epidermidis
A patient develops endocarditis in a native valve after having a dental cleaning
Streptococcus viridans