Cardio Flashcards
Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter
Sawtooth P waves
Definition of unstable angina
Angina that is new or worsening with no increase in troponin level
Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria
ACE inhibitor
Beck triad for cardiac tamponade
Hypotension, distant heart sounds, raised JVP
Drugs that slow heart rate
b-blockers, CCB, digoxin, amiodarone
Hypercholesterolaemia treatment that leads to flushing and pruritus
Niacin
Murmur for HOCM
Systolic ejection murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increases with a decreased preload (Valsalca manoeuvre)
Murmur for aortic insufficiency
Austin Flint murmur, a diastolic, decrescendo, low-pitched, blowing murmur best heard sitting up
More prominent with increased afterload (handgrip manoeuvre)
Murmur for aortic stenosis
Systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur radiating to neck
More prominent with increased preload (squatting manoeuvre)
Murmur for mitral regurgitation
Pansystolic murmur radiating to axilla
Increases with increasing afterload (handgrip manoeuvre)
Murmur mitral stenosis
Mid to late diastolic, low pitched preceded by opening snap
Treatment for atrial fibrillation & atrial flutter
Unstable —> cardiovert
Stable/chronic —> rate control with CCBs or b-blockers
Treatment for VF
Immediate cardioversion
IV drug use with increased JVP and a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Treatment?
Tear existing heart failure, tricuspid valve replacement
Diagnostic test for HOCM
Echo: LV wall thickening & LVOTO
Pulsus paradoxus
Decrease in systolic bp > 10mmHg on inspiration
Seen in cardiac tamponade
Classic ECG findings in pericarditis
Low voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation
8 surgically correctable causes of HTN
Renal artery stenosis CoA Phaeo Conn syndrome Cushing syndrome Unilateral renal parenchymal disease Hyperthyroidism Hyperparathyroidism
Evaluation of a pulsator abdominal mass and bruit
Abdominal USS and CT
Indications for surgical repair of AAA
> 5.5cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic or ruptured
Treatment for ACS
Aspirin, heparin, clopidogrel, morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin, IV b-blockers
Metabolic syndrome features
Abdo obesity, high TGs, low HDL, HTN, insulin resistance, prothrombotic or pro inflammatory states
50 year old man with stable angina can exercise to 85% of max predicted heart rate. Diagnostic test?
Exercise stress treadmill ECG test
65 year old woman with LBBB and severe osteoarthritis has unstable angina
Pharmacological stress test (e.g dobutamine echo)
Signs of active ischaemia during stress echo testing
Angina, ST elevation, hypotension
ECG findings in MI
ST elevation (ST depression = ischaemia), flattened T waves & Q waves
Coronary territories
Anterior wall = LAD/diagonal
Inferior = PDA
Posterior = LCx/oblique; RCA/marginal
Septum= LAD/diagonal
A young patient with angina at rest and ST elevation with normal cardiac enzymes
Prinzmetal angina
Common symptoms associated with silent MIs
CHF, shock and altered mental status
Diagnostic test for PE
Spiral CT with contrast
Effects of protamine
Reverses the effects of heparin
Prothrombin time
The coagulation parameter affected by warfarin
A young patient with a family history of sudden cardiac death collapse and dies while exercising
HOCM
Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens
Oral surgery- amoxicillin for certain situations
GI/GU procedures - not recommended
Virchows triad
Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage
Most common cause of HTN in young women
OCPs
Most common cause of HTN in young men
Excessive EtOH
Figure 3 sign
CoA
Water bottle shaped heart
Pericardial effusion
Look for pulsus paradoxus
