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HJ S2RR > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter

A

Sawtooth P waves

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2
Q

Definition of unstable angina

A

Angina that is new or worsening with no increase in troponin level

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3
Q

Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria

A

ACE inhibitor

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4
Q

Beck triad for cardiac tamponade

A

Hypotension, distant heart sounds, raised JVP

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5
Q

Drugs that slow heart rate

A

b-blockers, CCB, digoxin, amiodarone

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6
Q

Hypercholesterolaemia treatment that leads to flushing and pruritus

A

Niacin

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7
Q

Murmur for HOCM

A

Systolic ejection murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increases with a decreased preload (Valsalca manoeuvre)

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8
Q

Murmur for aortic insufficiency

A

Austin Flint murmur, a diastolic, decrescendo, low-pitched, blowing murmur best heard sitting up

More prominent with increased afterload (handgrip manoeuvre)

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9
Q

Murmur for aortic stenosis

A

Systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur radiating to neck

More prominent with increased preload (squatting manoeuvre)

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10
Q

Murmur for mitral regurgitation

A

Pansystolic murmur radiating to axilla

Increases with increasing afterload (handgrip manoeuvre)

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11
Q

Murmur mitral stenosis

A

Mid to late diastolic, low pitched preceded by opening snap

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12
Q

Treatment for atrial fibrillation & atrial flutter

A

Unstable —> cardiovert

Stable/chronic —> rate control with CCBs or b-blockers

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13
Q

Treatment for VF

A

Immediate cardioversion

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14
Q

IV drug use with increased JVP and a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Treatment?

A

Tear existing heart failure, tricuspid valve replacement

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15
Q

Diagnostic test for HOCM

A

Echo: LV wall thickening & LVOTO

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16
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Decrease in systolic bp > 10mmHg on inspiration

Seen in cardiac tamponade

17
Q

Classic ECG findings in pericarditis

A

Low voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation

18
Q

8 surgically correctable causes of HTN

A 
Renal artery stenosis
CoA
Phaeo 
Conn syndrome 
Cushing syndrome
Unilateral renal parenchymal disease
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
19
Q

Evaluation of a pulsator abdominal mass and bruit

A

Abdominal USS and CT

20
Q

Indications for surgical repair of AAA

A

> 5.5cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic or ruptured

21
Q

Treatment for ACS

A

Aspirin, heparin, clopidogrel, morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin, IV b-blockers

22
Q

Metabolic syndrome features

A

Abdo obesity, high TGs, low HDL, HTN, insulin resistance, prothrombotic or pro inflammatory states

23
Q

50 year old man with stable angina can exercise to 85% of max predicted heart rate. Diagnostic test?

A

Exercise stress treadmill ECG test

24
Q

65 year old woman with LBBB and severe osteoarthritis has unstable angina

A

Pharmacological stress test (e.g dobutamine echo)

25
Q

Signs of active ischaemia during stress echo testing

A

Angina, ST elevation, hypotension

26
Q

ECG findings in MI

A

ST elevation (ST depression = ischaemia), flattened T waves & Q waves

27
Q

Coronary territories

A

Anterior wall = LAD/diagonal

Inferior = PDA

Posterior = LCx/oblique; RCA/marginal

Septum= LAD/diagonal

28
Q

A young patient with angina at rest and ST elevation with normal cardiac enzymes

A

Prinzmetal angina

29
Q

Common symptoms associated with silent MIs

A

CHF, shock and altered mental status

30
Q

Diagnostic test for PE

A

Spiral CT with contrast

31
Q

Effects of protamine

A

Reverses the effects of heparin

32
Q

Prothrombin time

A

The coagulation parameter affected by warfarin

33
Q

A young patient with a family history of sudden cardiac death collapse and dies while exercising

A

HOCM

34
Q

Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens

A

Oral surgery- amoxicillin for certain situations

GI/GU procedures - not recommended

35
Q

Virchows triad

A

Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage

36
Q

Most common cause of HTN in young women

A

OCPs

37
Q

Most common cause of HTN in young men

A

Excessive EtOH

38
Q

Figure 3 sign

A

CoA

39
Q

Water bottle shaped heart

A

Pericardial effusion

Look for pulsus paradoxus

HJ S2RR (16 decks)

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