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Patho III - peds > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

best way to prevent a neural tube defect

A

folic acid

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2
Q

2 types of neural tube defects

A

posterior and anterior

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3
Q

posterior defects (2)

A

anencephaly

myelodysplasias - closure of neuro tube in back

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4
Q

anterior mid-line defect of neural tube

A

cyclopia - rarely survive; 1 hr post birth at most/stillborn

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5
Q

neural tube defects are defects of what

A

spine

brain

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6
Q

most common neural tubal defects

A

spina bifida

anencephaly

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7
Q

whose affected more with neural tube deficits

A

white girls

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8
Q

risk factors for neural tube defects

A 
hereditary
maternal obesity
advanced maternal age
zinc deficiency during preg
anti-convulsion therapy
lower socioeconomic classes
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9
Q

when do neural tubal defects develop

A

between 17 and 30 days after conception

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10
Q

anencephaly manifestations

A

the upper portion of the neural tube doesn’t close

brain doesn’t fully develop (cerebral hemispheres)

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11
Q

spina bifida manifestations

A

the lower sacral area the neural tube doesn’t close properly

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12
Q

lifespan with anencephaly

A

stillborn or a few hours of life

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13
Q

encephalocele manifestations

A

brain is more posterior - parts of the brain live in a sac outside of the skull

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14
Q

lifespan with encephalocele

A

they live, with ID - varying degrees

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15
Q

2 types of spina bifida

A

spina bifida cystica (more severe form)

spina bifida occulta

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16
Q

which spina bifida is the more severe form

A

spina bifida cystica

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17
Q

what else can develop as a result of spina bifida cystica (2 versions)

A

meningocele - neural tube hasn’t closed- sac on the back containing cerebral spinal fluid and may contain meninges
meningomyelocele - contains part of spinal cord, meninges and cerebral spinal fluid

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18
Q

manifestation of spina bifida occulta

A

no opening on back
no sac
neural tube isn’t completely closed, remains open; but no damage to meninges or spinal cord
may have tuft of hair or dimple

19
Q

manifestations of meningocele

A

cerebral spinal fluid filled sac on the back - protect the sac

20
Q

least common form of spina bifida

A

meningocele

21
Q

myelomeningocele manifestations

A

some degree of paralysis
nerve damage
spinal cord and meninges are pushed out through opening in the back
placed on bowel/bladder mgmt

22
Q

most severe and frequent form of spina bifida

A

myelomeningocele

23
Q

those with myelomeningocele are more likely to have an allergy to latextrue or false

A

true

24
Q

it is not uncommon for those with myelomeningocele to have an associated hydrocephaly, true or false

A

true

25
Q

is there a cure for spina bifida

A

no, prevent

26
Q

hydrocephalus is not

A

water on the brain

its cerebral spinal fluid

27
Q

cause of hydrocephalus

A

congenital

acquired (shaking baby)

28
Q

pathology of hydrocephalus

A

production of cerebral spinal fluid with decreased absorption

29
Q

hydropcephalus has 2 categories

A

communicting

non-communicating

30
Q

communicting hydropcephalus

A

interruption between production to absorption

inadequate absorption of fluid when ventricular pathways are not obstructed

31
Q

non communicating hyrdopchephalus

A

obstruction/stenosis/tumor from point of production to absorption

32
Q

what helps determine hydrocephalus

A

occiptial head circumference

33
Q

functions of cerebral spinal fluid

A

protection
buoyancy
excretion of waste products
endocrine medium for the brain

34
Q

cerebral spinal fluid is always in constant state of flowing through brain and spinal cord, t or f

A

true

35
Q

absorption of cerebral spinal fluid into the blood takes place through

A

arachnoid villi

36
Q

structure that produces cerebral spinal fluid

A

choroid plexus

37
Q

structure that allows absorption cerebral spinal fluid

A

subarachnoid space

38
Q

s/s of hydrocephalus

A

frontal bossing - elongated
sunset eyes - low
high pitched cry
scalp veins prominent

39
Q

procedure that can be done for hydrocephaly

A

third ventricular cisternostomy

shunt

40
Q

2 risks r/t shunt for hydrocephaly

A

infection

obstruction

41
Q

reye syndrome correlation

A

associated with ASA ingestion

42
Q

reye syndrome effects

A

brain and liver

43
Q

22;46

A

1:27;27

Patho III - peds (16 decks)

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