Neuro Flashcards
best way to prevent a neural tube defect
folic acid
2 types of neural tube defects
posterior and anterior
posterior defects (2)
anencephaly
myelodysplasias - closure of neuro tube in back
anterior mid-line defect of neural tube
cyclopia - rarely survive; 1 hr post birth at most/stillborn
neural tube defects are defects of what
spine
brain
most common neural tubal defects
spina bifida
anencephaly
whose affected more with neural tube deficits
white girls
risk factors for neural tube defects
hereditary maternal obesity advanced maternal age zinc deficiency during preg anti-convulsion therapy lower socioeconomic classes
when do neural tubal defects develop
between 17 and 30 days after conception
anencephaly manifestations
the upper portion of the neural tube doesn’t close
brain doesn’t fully develop (cerebral hemispheres)
spina bifida manifestations
the lower sacral area the neural tube doesn’t close properly
lifespan with anencephaly
stillborn or a few hours of life
encephalocele manifestations
brain is more posterior - parts of the brain live in a sac outside of the skull
lifespan with encephalocele
they live, with ID - varying degrees
2 types of spina bifida
spina bifida cystica (more severe form)
spina bifida occulta
which spina bifida is the more severe form
spina bifida cystica
what else can develop as a result of spina bifida cystica (2 versions)
meningocele - neural tube hasn’t closed- sac on the back containing cerebral spinal fluid and may contain meninges
meningomyelocele - contains part of spinal cord, meninges and cerebral spinal fluid
manifestation of spina bifida occulta
no opening on back
no sac
neural tube isn’t completely closed, remains open; but no damage to meninges or spinal cord
may have tuft of hair or dimple
manifestations of meningocele
cerebral spinal fluid filled sac on the back - protect the sac
least common form of spina bifida
meningocele
myelomeningocele manifestations
some degree of paralysis
nerve damage
spinal cord and meninges are pushed out through opening in the back
placed on bowel/bladder mgmt
most severe and frequent form of spina bifida
myelomeningocele
those with myelomeningocele are more likely to have an allergy to latextrue or false
true
it is not uncommon for those with myelomeningocele to have an associated hydrocephaly, true or false
true
is there a cure for spina bifida
no, prevent
hydrocephalus is not
water on the brain
its cerebral spinal fluid
cause of hydrocephalus
congenital
acquired (shaking baby)
pathology of hydrocephalus
production of cerebral spinal fluid with decreased absorption
hydropcephalus has 2 categories
communicting
non-communicating
communicting hydropcephalus
interruption between production to absorption
inadequate absorption of fluid when ventricular pathways are not obstructed
non communicating hyrdopchephalus
obstruction/stenosis/tumor from point of production to absorption
what helps determine hydrocephalus
occiptial head circumference
functions of cerebral spinal fluid
protection
buoyancy
excretion of waste products
endocrine medium for the brain
cerebral spinal fluid is always in constant state of flowing through brain and spinal cord, t or f
true
absorption of cerebral spinal fluid into the blood takes place through
arachnoid villi
structure that produces cerebral spinal fluid
choroid plexus
structure that allows absorption cerebral spinal fluid
subarachnoid space
s/s of hydrocephalus
frontal bossing - elongated
sunset eyes - low
high pitched cry
scalp veins prominent
procedure that can be done for hydrocephaly
third ventricular cisternostomy
shunt
2 risks r/t shunt for hydrocephaly
infection
obstruction
reye syndrome correlation
associated with ASA ingestion
reye syndrome effects
brain and liver
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