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Patho III - peds > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

hirschprung disease also known as

A

congenital (born with) aganglionic megacolon

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2
Q

why are ganglionic cells important

A

parasympathetic nervous system uses ganglionic cells to propel stool through colon

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3
Q

what is hirschprung disease

A

a portion of colon is aganglionic (without ganglionic cells)

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4
Q

what happens in hirschprung disease

A

a portion of the bowel lacks cells needed for motility; stool just stops; continues to build up; leads to mechanical blockage/obstruction

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5
Q

can you see liquid stool with hirschprung disease

A

sometimes

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6
Q

s/s of hirschprung disease

A 
chronic constipation
pencil thin/ribbon-like stools
fecal odor on breath
lg/firm abdomen
rectal sphincter fails to relax
ftt
vomit/diarrhea (leakage)
delayed passage of meconium
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7
Q

high incidence of hirschprung disease in this population

A

down syndrome

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8
Q

the diseased portion of the colon looks healthy and the non diseased portion looks unhealthy, why

A

mechanical obstruction occurs proximal (upstream) to diseased portion making healthy part appear enlarged

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9
Q

what procedure may be done to help kids with enlarged colon

A

temporary colostomy

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10
Q

hirschprung disease can lead to

A

enterocolitis - can lead to death

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11
Q

where do we see hirschprung disease most

A

recto-sigmoid area

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12
Q

dx for hirschprung disease

A

*rectal biopsy
manmatery (how tight is internal sphincter) - balloon for rectal pressures
barium enema

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13
Q

most common congenital malformation of GI tract

A

meckel diverticulum

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14
Q

onset (rules of 2) of meckel diverticulum

A 
age 2 y.o.
length is usually 2 inches in length
occurs 2 feet from ileo-fecal valve
2 times more common in males
2% of population suffers
2 types of tissue (stomach and pancreatic)
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15
Q

what condition can happen from meckel diverticulum

A

perforation of diverticula
can lead to enterocolitis - can die
strangulation of the bowel - can lead to blockage
vulvus/twisting of the bowel

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16
Q

what is meckel diverticulum

A

congenital disorder of developing digestive system (yolk sac)
small pouches in the wall of intestine

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17
Q

meckel diverticulum s/s

A

painless frank (bright red) bleeding

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18
Q

dx procedure for meckel diverticulum

A

nuclear medicine - meckel scan

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19
Q

treatment for meckel diverticulum

A

surgery to repair

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20
Q

pyloric stenosis s/s

A

projectile vomiting
regurgitating
irritable
palpable olive shaped mass in rt upper quadrant
visible peristaltic waves from left to right

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21
Q

what is pyloric stenosis

A

constriction of pyloric sphincter with obstruction of gastric outlet
hypertrophy of pyloric sphincter - limits transition of food from stomach to duodenum

22
Q

who is more affected with pyloric stenosis

A

males

down syndrome

23
Q

cause of pyloric stenosis

A

idiopathic; may be inherited

24
Q

when do symptoms present in pyloric stenosis

A

2-3 weeks old

25
Q

***children with pyloric stenosis are at risk for

A

hypochalemic metabolic alcholosis

make them NPO

26
Q

surgery for pyloric stenosis

A

pylomylootomy

27
Q

intussusception manifestations

A

telescoping of a portion of an intestine into another

28
Q

rotoshield vaccine was taken off of market due to

A

intussusception

29
Q

intussusception most commonly occurs prior to this age

A

1 year of age
most common between 4-7 months
can occur at any point in life

30
Q

children w/cystic fibrosis commonly have intussusception t or f

A

true

31
Q

what part of the intestine is commonly involved in intussusception

A

ileocycl valve

32
Q

cause of intussusception

A

unknown

33
Q

dx for intussusception

A

barium enema - treats it as well

34
Q

*characteristics of stools r/t intussusception

A

currant-jelly like stool (mucous and blood)

35
Q

s/s of intussusception

A 
acute pain
colicky
draw legs up
vomiting
feel sausage shaped mass in abdomen
36
Q

celiac disease also referred to as

A

gluten induced enteropathy

37
Q

what happens in celiac disease

A

individual cannot tolerate the intake of wheat
inability to detoxify/ingest glidden (protein) in wheat products
(wheat, oats, hops)
can use rice, soy, corn bases

38
Q

what type of disorder is celiac disease

A

auto-immune disorder

39
Q

celiac disease can lead to

A

malabsorption disorder - malnutrition

40
Q

patho of celiac disease

A

intestinal inflammation - damage to villi-malabsorption-malnutrition

41
Q

trt for celiac disease

A

gluten free diet - life long

usually resolves the issue

42
Q

s/s of celiac disease

A

malnutrition
steattorrhea - fat in stool
abdominal distention

43
Q

who is more prone to celiac disease

A

kids with diabetes

44
Q

what type of disorder is esophageal atresia and tracheosophageal fistula

A

congenital disorder

malformation of trachea and esophagus

45
Q

patho of esophageal atresia and tracheosophageal fistula

A

esophagus ends in blind pouch (atresia) - no connection between stomach and mouth
part of the trachea can attach itself to esophagus

46
Q

positive indicator for esophageal atresia and tracheosophageal fistula

A

maternal polyhydraminos (too much amniotic fluid)

47
Q

when suspecting esophageal atresia and tracheosophageal fistula look for big 3 C’s

A

coughing
choking
cyanosis

48
Q

esophageal atresia and tracheosophageal fistula occurs

A

4-5th week gestation

premature/low birth weight infants

49
Q

with esophageal atresia and tracheosophageal fistula what should we do

A

make child npo until dx/surgery to avoid aspiration

aspiration can lead to pneumonia

50
Q

with esophageal atresia and tracheosophageal fistula look for other deficits, what are they

A 
VACTERL
VERTEBRAL
ANAL
CARDIOVASCULAR
TRACHEAL
ESOPHAGEAL
RENAL
LIMB DEFOMITIES

Patho III - peds (16 decks)

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