Heart Flashcards
leading cause of death in the first year of life
congenital heart defects
risk fxrs for congenital heart defects
maternal rubella drugs/alcohol maternal infection maternal insulin dependent diabetes over age 40 use of anti-seizure medications nutrition chromosomal abnormalities (down syndrome)
is congenital heart failure acquired
yes
s/s of congenital heart failure
poor feeding/sucking
failure to thrive
defects increasing pulmonary blood flow
atrial septal defect (ASD)
ventricle septal defect (VSD)
what is an atrial septal defect
abnormal communication between the atria
blood is shunted from left to right
rt atrial enlargement
hole in atrial septum that separates rt and let atria
dx of atrial septal defect
Systolic murmur heard in the 2nd intercostal space SOB asymptomatic slender build can excercise
which gender does ASD effect more?
girls - twice as much
what is a ventricle septal defect
abnormal communication between ventricles
hole in the ventricular muscle wall
“left to right shunt”
what account for symptoms of VSD
pulmonary over-circulation
what happens with small holes in VSD
they usually close spontaneously in first 1-2 yr
what happens w/lg holes in VSD
require surgical closure in first year of life
what is atrioventricular canal defect
a combo of defects w/malformations of tricuspid and mitral valves
blood moves freely between the 4 chambers
what does atrioventricular canal defect occur in conjunction with
down syndrome
what is patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)
a minor vessel connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery
mixes oxygen rich blood with oxygen poor blood
loud, machine like murmur
if the ductus arteriosis remains open (PDA) what could occur
heart failure
an obstructive defect
coarctation of the aorta
what is coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the lumen of the aorta blocking blood flow
what position is coartacation of the aorta
juxtaductal, but can occur anywhere between aortic arch and bifurcation of the aorta
manifestation of coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the vessel or shelf-like obstruction within the aorta
effect of coarctation of the aorta
high blood pressure in left ventricle (which pumps blood into the aorta) and the part of the aorta between the heart and the blockage (AA-aortic arch)
coarctation of aorta in newborns
congestive heart failure
once the ductus closes, rapid deterioration; hypotension, acidosis, shock
*coarctation of aorta in older child
htn in upper extremities
*decreased/absent pulses in lwr extremities
cool, mottled skin
leg cramps w/exercise
defects decreasing pulmonary blood flow
tetralogy of fallot
which 4 defects are represented in tetralogy of fallot
VSD
overriding aorta straddles the VSD
pulmonary valve stenosis
right ventricle hypertrophy
how is tetralogy of fallot corrected
surgically, early in infancy
effect of tetralogy of fallot
infant can become cyanotic (blue)
because of rt ventricular narrowing its easier for blood to cross the VSD right to left and to to aorta instead of lungs
what happens in transposition of the Great Arteries
the 2 main arteries (aorta and pulmonary) are connected to the wrong chambers of the heart
unoxygenated blood circulates through body via aorta
oxygenated blood goes to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
trt for the great arteries
surgery in the first week of life
effect of great arteries on infant
kept alive by mix of oxy bld from lt atrium w/unoxy bld from rt atrium
possible due to opening in foramen ovale
ductus arteriosis connects aorta and pulmonary artery providing unoxy bld to mix with oxy bld
most common kind of heart defect
VSD
one of the congenital heart defects that can be repaired surgically
ASD - atrial septal defect
acyanotic defect
ASD
left to right shunt
ASD
VSD
rt to left shunt
tetralogy of fallot
cyanotic defect
tetralogy of fallot
cardiac defect incompatible with life
transposition of the great arteries
cyanotic
what is a child at risk for with ASD
pulmonary edema?
