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Neuro Unit 2 > Neural Networks > Flashcards

Neural Networks Flashcards

0
Q

One neuron can have as many as 1000 dendrites and

A

60 trillion synapses

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1
Q

Born with all the neurons you are ever going to have

A

About 10 billion in the cortex

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2
Q

Neuronal connection form

A

Billions of connections

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3
Q

The cortex (comprised if neuron/cell bodies) becomes thicker (or thinner) based on…

A

The density, degree, or number of dendritic connections each of those neurons makes

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4
Q

Dendritic connections provide us with ultimately neural networks

A

Yeppp

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5
Q

External stimulus causes sets of neurons to fire

A

Build a more enriched dendritic carpet

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6
Q

Neural networks
Make more connections
= cortical thickening

A

Via typical development, enriched and stimulating environment
Via stimulus- specific deliberate repetitive practice

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7
Q

Neural networks

Make fewer connections= cortical thinning

A

Prune away unneeded or redundant or inefficient connections- selective thinning
Prune away unused it unstimulated or neglected connections= cortical thinning

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8
Q

Arborization of dendrites

A

Increase receptive connectivity of each neuron
Which in turn supports development of rich neural networks
And efficient connections–> which is shaped by experiences, efforts, learning, practice or lack thereof

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9
Q

Pools may be divergent

A

One presynaptic cell engages several pod synaptic cells

One item trigger many related items

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10
Q

Pools of neurons may be convergent

A

Many presynaptic cells engage one post synaptic cell

Put hand in bag to figure out object

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11
Q

Pools engage to form

A

Networks

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12
Q

What do neural networks do

A

Engage in simultaneous firing of a group of linked neurons

This network is wired up to perf tin a specific type of cognitive or motor it sensory activity

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13
Q

What is white matter in the cns

A

The axons of the billions of neurons which move away from the cell body

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14
Q

White matter in the cns transmit neural impulses to the

A

Dendrites of other neurons which then wire up to form neural networks

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15
Q

Neural networks are insulted with

A 
A fatty /lipid substance called myelin which is whitish in color
Call tracts (not nerves-that is in pns)
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16
Q

Where is white matter in cns

A

Cerebrum
Subcortex
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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17
Q

White matter in cerebrum

A

Connecting gray matter/cortical structures; connecting basal ganglia and limbic structures to all the places they go

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18
Q

White matter in subcortex

A

Running through thalamus nuclei on way to and/or from the cortex to the brainstem or cerebellum

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19
Q

White matter in cerebellum

A

Moving to/from thalamus, limbic, cortex

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20
Q

White matter in brainstem

A

Moving to/from cranial nerves, or to/from spinal cord, to connect with spinal nerves

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21
Q

Efferent down thru spinal cord

A

Afferent up thru brainstem

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22
Q

Types of tracts (myelinated axon fibers) in cns

A

Projection
Association
Commissural

23
Q

Projection. Travel

A

In a vertical manner, carry motor and sensory

24
Q

Two types of projection

A

Corona radiati

Internal capsule

25
Q

Corona radiati

A

Most superior go to motor and premotor, motor strip

26
Q

Internal capsule

A

Fibers bundle up and form right thick cable going thru brainstem –>at level of subcortical structures (one loss of blood supply, knock out many fibers)

27
Q

Association fibers direction

A

Bidirectional channels of communication between areas of one hemisphere

28
Q

Parts of association fibers

A

Superior longitudinal fasciculus
Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
Uncinate fasciculus
Cingulum

29
Q

Commissural fibers travel

A

In a horizontal manner, connecting two hemispheres- communicate between

30
Q

Commissural fibers

A

Corpus callosum

Anterior commissure

31
Q

Do assoc fibers cross over into another hemi

A

No

32
Q

Projection fibers (one type of white matter tract in cns)

A

Move in vertical manner
Project to points ‘far away’ in cns
Axons are relatively long
Many are heading down/up from either spinal or cranial nerves

33
Q

Anterior limb of corona radiati

A

Corticothalamic tracts
From cortex to thalamus
Generally excitatory
Forms a circuit with thalamocortical tracts

34
Q

Anterior limb thalamocortical tracts

A

From thalamus to cortex
Mostly to sensory processing and pre motor
Generally inhibitory motor movements

35
Q

Anterior limb corticopontine tracts

A

From motor cortex to pins

Eventually to cranial nerves

36
Q

Genu corticibular tracts

A

From motor cortex to brainstem in general

For cranial nerve output

37
Q

Posterior limb corticospinal tracts

A

Innervate spinal neurons for motor outputs
projection fibers from spinal input
From skin joints to primary sensory cortex

38
Q

Corona radiati

A

Anterior limb
Genu
Posterior limb

39
Q

Internal capsule (projection fibers)

A

The convergence if fibers within the corona radiati

40
Q

Association fibers (another type of white matter tract in cns)

A

Connect areas within one hemisphere
Shorter ones exist within one lobe
Longer ones move between lobes

41
Q

Superior longitudinal fasciculus

A

Connects frontal lobe with occipital lobe

Has feeder branches that connect temporal to Wernickes and surrounding parietal

42
Q

Arcuate fasciculus

A

Many of the superior longitudinal fibers take a sharp curve and head down through the temporal lobe

43
Q

Uncinate fasciculus

A

Inferior aspect from anterior temporal horn. Inferior aspect of prefrontal cortex
More direct route

44
Q

Cingulum (last association fiber)

A 
C shaped 
Connects limbic lobe with temporal lobe 
Right below cingulate gyrus
Just above the corpus callosum
Move in ace like manner- memory, face and emotional processing
45
Q

Commissural fibers ( last type if white matter tracts in cns)

A

Connects the two hemi

Move laterally l-r ( if you are looking to the brain from a coronal cut)

46
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Best known for its job connecting the l and r hemi

So intra-hemispheric comm and integration

47
Q

Right hemi

A

Spatial, musical, temporal

Emtional and social component

48
Q

L hemi

A

Language, analytic, verbal

49
Q

Subcallosal area

A

Limbic structure
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Basal ganglia

50
Q

Anterior and posterior commissures

Two other Commissural fiber tracts located

A

Anterior To or posterior to the corpus callosum

51
Q

Anterior commissures connectss

A

Two olfactory bulbs
Amygdalae
Temporal lobes

52
Q

Posterior commissures connects

A

The two thalamic nuclei

Not everyone have this

53
Q

Connectomics

A

The process of using high resolution imaging to create a map (connectome) of the brains neural networks

54
Q

Principles of neural transmission

A

Convergence (multiple neurons-axons- converge to fire one individual neuron
Divergence one neuron-axon- has an impact on multiple other receiving neurons

55
Q

Neural transmission dorm neural networks that are

A

Highly complex

Extremely vulnerable

Neuro Unit 2 (14 decks)

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