How Synapse Works

Question 0

Most important ions if nervous system

Answer 0

Sodium na+
Potassium k+
Chloride cl-

Question 1

What are ions

Answer 1

Atoms or groups of atoms which have gained or lost and electron and are this either positively or negatively charged

Question 2

What do membranes have that let some things in but mostly they work to keep some things out

Answer 2

Ion channels that are topically closed

Question 3

Resting. Potential

Answer 3

If the cell isn’t doing anything and it’s channels are closed

Question 4

Resting potential is always in a state of

Answer 4

Imbalance- polarized

Question 5

Resting Potential of the cell membrane is

Answer 5

Negatively charged

Question 6

Imbalance of membrane

Answer 6

Polarization

Question 7

Inside of cell is always

Answer 7

Negative

Question 8

Outside of cell is always

Answer 8

Positive relative to the inside of the cell

Question 9

The only way to send an impulse from that cell is to disrupt the

Answer 9

Polarized status

Question 10

How to change the polarized state of cell membrane at rest

Answer 10

We need a spike in electrics voltage to disrupt things
The electric me voltage will be coming in from an axon to a dendrite
When that happens, the electricke signal MIGHT be string enough to disrupt resting potential

Question 11

How disrupt RP

Answer 11

If the signal is sufficient to reach/breach the threshold

Question 12

What does reach threshold mean

Answer 12

The degree of electricke charge must be string enough to change the permeability of the cell membrane

Question 13

Why need to change permeability

Answer 13

Because the cell membrane is generally closed/at rest/ polarized

Question 14

Once signal reach/beach threshold

Answer 14

Sodium/potassium pump go to work to disrupt the polarization

Question 15

Disrupt polarization

Answer 15

Sodium rushes in

It wants a more negative environment inside

Question 16

Disrupt polarization

Answer 16

Potassium rushes out

It Wants a more positive environment outside

Question 17

Na in and k out will change…

Answer 17

The polarization (resting state of imbalance) between the inside and outside of cell

Question 18

What does it’s all or nothing mean

Answer 18

The cell either fires or is doesn’t based on whether or not its threshold has been reached and breached
Most thresholds for firing requires a 5-10 mV change in polarity

Question 19

Changing the polarization of a cell has two outcomes

Answer 19

Depolarization
Hyperpolarization
Which ever happens the process is quick, fluid, explosive
All gates open and close or … Not

Question 20

Depolarization

Answer 20

Fire the impulse

Membrane is balanced

Question 21

Hyper polarization

Answer 21

Do NOT fire the impulse

Keep imbalanced and closed

Question 22

If depolarization occurs and sodium rushes in, disrupting. The rating potential/depolarizer state if the cell then…

Answer 22

The impulse will transmit down the axon of that cell body

Called action potential

Question 23

Action potential occurs

Answer 23

At the moment a neuron send an impulse down its axon. It is also called a spike or impulse

Question 24

The cell returns to its resting potential, due to the work of

Answer 24

Potassium channels

Question 25

Is like the bouncer

Answer 25

Na/k pump to get na out and k back in–> refractory period

Question 26

During polarization the rest if state if the cell membrane is

Answer 26

Negative

Question 27

Polarization

Surge in voltage from an incoming impulse cause

Answer 27

Change in this resting potential (either more positive, or more negative. Than it’s resting negativity
From here two options

Question 28

Depolarization steps

Answer 28

Some Neurotransmitters cause less negativity inside the cell this exciting the cell to fire a response
Initiates the action potential
Fire!
Aka excitatory post synaptic potential

Question 29

Hyper polarization steps

Answer 29

Some Neurotransmitters cause less negativity inside the cell thus inhibiting any potential firing of a response
Inhibits the action potential
Do not fire
Aka inhibitory post synaptic potential

Question 30

Purpose of inhibit

Answer 30

Basal ganglia either excite neurons to fire to create more necessary movements
Or inhibit because too much movement

Question 31

T/f only shave one action potential occurring at a time

Answer 31

T

Question 32

During that time the voltage gated ion channels are opening to allow na to rush in

Answer 32

And the they become inactive

Question 33

Inactive is also known as

Answer 33

Absolute refractory period

Nothing else can happen then. No other action potential can take place

Question 34

When k starts to rush out (no more na going in, it’s done) when k starts to rush out…

Answer 34

The ion channels start to depolarize back to being closed

Question 35

During this k rush and efforts to depolarize membrane (go back to closed/resting potential)

Answer 35

You could stimulate another action potential

Question 36

Only do this if the stimulus is white strong because you have not yet closed all of the ion channels. Called

Answer 36

Relative refractory period