Nervous system test #2 Flashcards
What are peripheral nerves?
interconnecting branches of spinal nerves surrounded by connective tissue sheaths
What is the peripheral distribution of spinal nerves? (3)
Spinal Nerves - intervertebral foramen where dorsal and ventral roots unite, branch and form pathways to destination
Motor Nerves - From ventral horn, exit via ventral root
Sensory nerves - From Dorsal horn, exit via dorsal root
What are dermatomes?
Sensory regions of skin monitored by specific pairs of spinal nerves
What are nerve plexuses?
Interwoven networks of nerve fibres from adjacent spinal nerves, control skeletal muscles of neck and limbs
What does the cervical nerve plexus control?
Diaphragm, neck, shoulders
What is the Phrenic nerve?
C3-C5, controls diaphragm
What does the brachial nerve plexus control?
upper limbs
What is the Musculocutaneous nerve?
C5-T1, flexors in arm - biceps brachii, brachial, coracobrachialis
What is the Axillary nerve?
C5-C6, Deltoid, teres minor
What is the Radial nerve?
C5-T1, extensors in arm - triceps brachii, ancones, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris
What is the Median nerve?
C6-T1, arm flexors - flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, digital flexors
- pronator teres, pronator quadratus
What is the Ulnar nerve
C8-T1, Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, adductor pollicis, intrinsic muscles of hand
What is the lumbar plexus?
abdominal, gluteal
What are the Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nerves?
T12-L1, abdominal muscles
What is the femoral nerve?
L2-L4, Quadriceps, Sartorius, Pectineus, Iliopsoas
What is the obturator nerve?
L2-L4, adductor group - except pectinous
around obturator foramen
What is the Sacral plexus?
Lower limb/pelvic floor
What are the superior and inferior gluteal nerves?
L4-S2, Gluteal group - inferior supplies gluteus maximus
What is the Siatic nerve?
L4-S3, hamstrings, adductor Magnus
Tibial - plantar flexors (except fibularis longus and brevis) and digital flexors
Fibular - tibialis anterior, fibularis longus and brevis, digital extensors
What does the siatic nerve branch into?
Tibial nerve, Fibular nerve
What are the classifications of cranial nerves? (4)
- Sensory (touch, pressure, vibration ect.)
- Special Sensory (sight, hearing, ect.)
- Motor
- Mixed
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal
What is the mnemonic for names of cranial nerves?
Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly
What is the mnemonic for functions of cranial nerves?
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
What is the difference between the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit?
Pulmonary - carries blood to gas exchange at lungs
Systemic - carries blood to and from body
What are the layers of the heart wall? (3)
Epicardium - (outer layer) visceral pericardium that covers heart
Myocardium - (middle layer) muscular wall of heart
Endocardium - (inner layer) endothelium
What are the types of arteries? (3)
Elastic - large amounts of elastin, largest
Muscular - Smooth muscle, controlled by sympathetic NS
Arterioles - smallest branches of arteries
What are the types of veins? (3)
Venule - collects blood from capillaries
Medium - closer to organs
Large - closer to heart
What are the functions patterns of blood vessels? (3)
- Peripheral arteries + vein distribution is the same on left + right except at heart
- Same vessel may have different names at different locations
- Tissues and organs usually have multiple arteries and veins.
