Intro/How were Made Flashcards
Define Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy - study of form and structure
Physiology - Study of function
define cytology and histology
Cytology - study of cells
Histology - study of tissues
What tissues is the body made of (4)
Epithelial, Neural, Muscle and Connective
List different types of anatomy and what they study
Systemic - organ systems
Developmental - how the body changes over time
Clinical - medical specialties
Classification of humans
Kingdom - anamalia
Phylum - chordata
Class - mamalia
Order - primates
Family - Hominidae
Genus - homo
Species - Sapiens
Different types of physiology
Cell - how cell responds to environment
Organ - how organs work
Exercise - effect of exercise on systems
Systemic - functions of organ systems
Pathophysiology - effects of disease
List levels of organization
Chemical, cellular, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
What are the body planes?
Frontal, sagittal, transverse
What are the true cavities? (4)
Right and left pleural cavities, peritoneal cavity, pericardium cavity
What is above the Pericardial cavity that contains esophagus, trachea and major vessels?
Mediastinum
What are the parts of a serous membrane and where are they?
Visceral part - touching organ
Cavity - contains serous fluid
Parietal part - Lines cavity
What is epithelial tissue and an example
Lines glands, controls entrance and exit, produces serous fluid
Ex. Skin
What is connective tissue + example
Contains extra cellular protein fibres and ground substance to create the matrix
Structural framework, protection, connects, transports, stores energy
Connective tissue proper - loose and dense
Fluid - blood and lymph
Supportive - bone and lymph
Types of muscles
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Function of neural system
Rapid communication around body
Functions of skeletal system (5)
support, storage of minerals and lipids, Blood cell production, protection, leverage
List 6 types of bones
Sutural, flat, short, long, irregular, sesamoid
What are the rounded processes? Describe and show example
Trochanter - large rough projection where large muscles attach ex. proximal end of fever where quad attaches
Tubercule - small rounded projection ex. shoulder
Tuberosity - rough projection (smallest)
What are the elongated processes? Examples
Crest - prominent ridge ex. hips
Spine - pointed process ex. front of hips
Line/linea - low ridge ex. posterior side of femur
What are the depressions? (2)
Sulcus/groove - narrow groove between processes
Fossa - shallow depression
What are the openings in bones? (2)
Foramen - to allow nerves or blood vessels to pass through
Sinus - chamber within bone, normally filled with air
Describe smooth muscles
non striated
walls of blood vessels, digestive tract
change diameter of tracts
Describe cardiac muscles
only found in heart
circulates blood, maintains blood pressure
interconnected by intercalated disks for rapid communication
describe skeletal muscles
attach to bone
voluntary (and involuntary) control
multiple nuclei
6 functions of muscular system
- Produce skeletal movement
- maintain posture and balance
- support soft tissue
- guard entrances and exits
- maintain body temperature
- store nutrient reserves
what are the four muscle arrangements?
parallel, convergent, pennate, circular
What is the difference between monoarticulate and biarticulate?
Mono means the muscle crosses one joint while bi means it crosses 2
What are the 3 sections of vertebra and how many are in each?
Cervical - 7
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5
