Nervous System test #1 Flashcards
What are the regions of the skull?
Face, Cranium
What are the face bones? (8) And how many of each?
Maxillae - 2
Palatine - 2
Nasal - 2
Inferior Nasal Condrae - 2
Zygomatic - 2
Lacrimal - 2
Vomer - 1
Mandible - 1
What are the cranium bones? (6) And how many of each?
Occipital - 1
Partietal - 2
Frontal - 1
Temporal - 2
Sphenoid - 1
Ethmoid - 1
What are the bones associated with the skull? (2)
Occipital - 6
Hyoid - 1
What are the sutures of the skull? (4)
Sagital, Squamous, Lambdoid, Coronal
What are the features of the skull? (10)
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), Orbit, Supraorbital foramen, Infraorbital foramen, Occipital Condyles, Zygomatic Arch of temporal bone, Mandibular Ramus, Coranoid process, Mental foramen, Sella Turcicia
What is the Sella Turcicia?
- Means Turkish Saddle
- Houses pituitary gland
- On Sphenoid bone
What are the anatomical divisions of the NS?
CNS (98%)
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
PNS (2%)
- Receptors
- Peripheral nerves
What are the functional divisions of the NS?
PNS
- afferent (sensory)
- receptors send info to CNS
PNS
- efferent (motor)
- Somatic (SNS) (skeletal muscles)
- Autonomic (ANS)
- Sympathetic (fight or flight)
- Parasympathetic (rest and Digest)
What is the SAME principle?
Somatic, Afferent, Motor, Efferent
What is the organization of the NS?
- Receptors (sensory, visceral, somatic)
- Sensory info in afferent
- Process data + motor commands
- Motor commands in efferent
- SNS - skeletal muscles
- ANS - parasympathetic, sympathetic
What are the effectors for the parasympathetic nervous system? (3)
Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, glands
What are the effectors for the sympathetic nervous system? (4)
Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue
What are the regions of the brain? (4)
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Brainstem (Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Midbrain)
What is the purpose of the Cerebrum?
- makes you, you
- difference between humans and animals
- conscious thought processes, intellectual functions
- memory storage and processing
- conscious and unconscious regulation of skeletal muscles
What is the purpose of the Cerebellum?
- motor control patterns
- coordinates somatic motor patterns
- adjusts output of other somatic motor centres in brain and spinal cord
What is the purpose of the Diencephalon?
- receives and distributes sensory info
- hormonal response
Thalamus - Relay and processing centres for sensory information
- all senses except smell
Hypothalamus - enters controlling emotions, autonomic functions and hormone production
- contains pituitary gland
What is the purpose of the Brainstem? (Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Midbrain)
- ancient part
- keeps us alive
- autonomic
What is the purpose of the Medulla Oblongata?
- relays sensory info to thalamus and portions of brainstem
- autonomic enters for regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive)
- connects to spinal cord at foramen magnum
What is the purpose of the Pons?
- relays sensory info to cerebrum and thalamus
- subconscious somatic and visceral motor centres - breathing
What is the purpose of the Midbrain?
- processing of visual and auditory data
- generation of reflexive somatic motor responses ex. vomiting
- maintenance of consciousness
Superior Colliculus - visual processing
Inferior Colliculus - auditory processing
What are the ventricles of the brain?
- fluid filled cavities in brain
- plays role in cerebral spinal fluid
- 2 lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle
What are the parts in protection of the brain? (2)
Physical, Biochemical
What are the physical factors in brain protection? (3)
Bones of cranium, Meninges, Cerebrospinal fluid
What are the biochemical factors in brain protection? (1)
Blood brain barrier
Where are the major sulci? (3)
Lateral - behind ear
Central - between lateral
Longitudinal Fissure - longitudinal
What is Insula?
- Inside lateral sulcus
- 5th lobe
- Implicated in seizures
