Lower limb test #1 Flashcards
What are the pelvic bones? (5)
Sacram, Coccyx, Ilium, Pubis, Ischium
What are the joints in the pelvis? (2)
Sacroiliac - between iliac and sacral
Pubic Symphysis - between pubis
What is the acetabulum?
What are the parts and what do they do? (2)
Hip socket
Lunnate surface - article cartilage
Acetabular notch - allows for greater range of motion
What do ASIS, AIIS, PSIS and PIIS stand for?
ASIS - anterior superior iliac spine
AIIS - anterior inferior iliac spine
PSIS - posterior superior iliac spine
PIIS - posterior inferior iliac spine
What are the parts of the pelvis? (15)
ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS, Iliac crest, Iliac fossa, Greater Siatic Notch, Lesser Siatic Notch, Ischial Tuberosity, Ischial Spine, Pubic Symphysis, Inferior Pubic Ramus, Pubic tubercle, Obturator foramen, superior pubic ramus
What are the sex differences in the pelvis? (7)
Male, Female
Ilium - more vertical, less vertical
Sacrum - narrow triangle large curve, broad triangle less curve
Iliac fossa - deeper, shallower
Pelvic Inlet - narrow heart shaped, open circular
Pelvic Outlet - narrow, wide
Coccyx - points anterior, points inferior
Pubic Angle - less than 90, more than 100
What parts have sex differences in the pelvis? (7)
Ilium, Sacram, Iliac fossa, Pelvic Inlet, Pelvic Outlet, Coccyx, Pubic Angle
What are the parts of the proximal femur? (6)
Greater trochanter, Femoral head, Neck, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, fovea capitus
What muscles are in the gluteal group? (4)
Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
Which lateral rotator do we need to know? Leg
PIRIFORMIS
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Gluteus Maximus?
O: Posterior Ilium, Sacram
I: Gluteal tuberosity, IT band
A: extension of hip, lateral rotation
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Gluteus medius?
O: Lateral ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: abduction and medial rotation
What are the origin, insertion and actions of gluteus minimus?
O: Lateral ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: abduction, medial rotation
What are the origin, insertion and actions of tensor fasciae latae?
O: ASIS
I: IT Band, Gerry’s tubercle
A: abduction of hip medial rotation
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Piriformis?
O: anterior part of sacrum
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: lateral rotation
What is special about Piriformis?
Muscle goes through greater siatic notch
What are the parts of the distal femur? (7)
Adductor tubercle, medial epicondyle, medial condyle, patellar surface, lateral condyle, lateral epicondyle, linea aspera
What are the parts of the proximal tibia and fibula? (9)
interosseous membrane, head of fibula, proximal tibiofibular joint, lateral tibial condyle, Gerdy’s tubercle, tibial tuberose, medial tibial condyle, pes anserine, anterior margin
What muscles are in the anterior compartment? (6)
What muscles are in the Quadriceps muscle group (4/6)
RECTUS FEMORIS, VASTUS LATERALIS, VASTUS INTERMEDIUS, VASTUS MEDIALIS, Sartorius, Iliopsoas
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Rectus femoris?
O: AIIS
I: Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament)
A: knee extension, hip flexion
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Vastus Lateralis?
O: Lateral lip of linea aspera, greater trochanter
I: Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament)
A: knee extension
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Vastus Intermedius?
O: Anterior + lateral surface of femur
I: Tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Vastus medialis?
O: middle lip of linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
I: tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament)
A: extension of knee
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Sartorius?
O: ASIS
I: medial tibia @pes anserine
A: knee flexion, hip flexion, lateral rotation
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Iliopsoas?
O: Iliac - iliac fossa
soas - body and TP’s of T12-L5
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip flexion
What are the muscles in the medial compartment of leg? (5)
Pectineus, Adductor Magnus, Adductor brevis, adductor longus, gracilis
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Pectineus?
O: Superior pubic ramus
I: Proximal femer
A: adduction, hip flexion (synergist)
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Adductor Magnus?
O: Ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity
I: medial lip linea aspera, adductor tubercle
A: adduction, extension
What are the origin, insertion and actions of adductor longus?
O: superior pubic ramus
I: middle lip linea aspera
A: adduction
What are the origin, insertion and actions of adductor brevis?
O: inferior pubic ramus
I: proximal femur, linea aspera
A: adduction
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Gracilis?
O: Inferior pubic ramus
I: Medial tibia @pes anserine
A: hip adduction, knee flexion
What are the posterior compartment muscles? What are they known as?
Semitendrosis, Semimembranosis, biceps femoris
Also known as hamstring
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Semitendrosis?
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial tibia @pes anserine
A: hip extension, knee flexion
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Semimembranosis?
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: posterior medial tibia
A: hip extension, leg flexion
What are the origin, insertion and actions of Biceps Femoris?
O: Long head - ischial tuberosity
Short head - lateral lip of linea aspera
I: Posterior aspect of head of fibula
A: Extension of hip, flexion of knee
Features of hamstring muscles? (4)
- has attachment @ischial tuberosity
- crosses knee joint, inserts on tibia/fibula
- innervated by tibial branch of siatic nerve
- participate in extension of hip, flexion of knee
What are the muscles of the pes anserine group?
Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus
