Miscelaneous Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Frontal cortex do? (3)

A

-Primary motor cortex (pre central gyrus) - directs all voluntary movements
- Somatic motor association area (premotor cortex) - complex motor patterns
- Prefrontal cortex - decision making, risk assessment, logic, executive function

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2
Q

What does the Parietal Lobe do? (1)

A

-Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus) - receives sensory info (touch, pressure, pain, vibration, taste, tempurature)

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3
Q

What does the Occipital Lobe do? (1)

A
  • Visual cortex - processes visual info
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4
Q

What does the Temporal Lobe do? (2)

A
  • Auditory cortex - processes sound, interpret as speech ect.
  • Olfactory cortex - tied with memory
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5
Q

What are the regions for speech? (2)

A

Wernicke’s and Brocca’s

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6
Q

What is Brocca’s area involved with and what does damage become?

A
  • Involved with speech production
  • damage becomes brocca’s aphasia or non-fluent aphasia
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7
Q

What is Wernicke’s area involved with and what is damage called?

A
  • Understanding speech
  • Damage becomes wernicke’s or fluent aphasia
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8
Q

What does the left hemisphere do? (3)

A
  • Reading, writing, math
  • Decision making
  • Speech
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9
Q

What does the right hemisphere do? (2)

A
  • senses (touch, smell, sight, taste, feel)
  • recognition (faces, voice inflections)
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10
Q

What is the Corpus Callosum?

A

“Bridge” between sides of brain

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11
Q

How long and wide is the spinal cord?

A

~45cm long and 1.5cm wide

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12
Q

What does the spinal cord end in and where?

A

Conus Medullaris, between L1 and L2

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13
Q

What is below the end of the spinal cord?

A

Cauda Equina, nerve roots below conus medullaris

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14
Q

What are enlargements of the spinal cord and where are they? (3)

A
  • caused by amount of grey matter due to sensory and motor neurons in limbs
  • Cervical enlargement - C7 - shoulder and upper limb
  • Lumbar enlargement - T11 - pelvis and lower limb
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15
Q

How many of each spinal nerve are there?

A

8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

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16
Q

What are the parts of the spinal cord? (11)

A

Spinal nerve, Dorsal root ganglion, Dorsal root, Ventral root, Posterior median sulcus, Central canal, Anterior median fissure, Grey matter, White matter, Motor nuclei, Sensory nuclei

17
Q

What is the ventral root in the spinal cord?

A

motor information, efferent

18
Q

What is the dorsal root in the spinal cord?

A

sensory information, afferent

19
Q

What are the connective tissue layers in the spinal cord? (3)

A
  1. Epineurium - outer layer of dense network of collagen fibers
  2. perineurium - Middle layer divides nerve into fascicles (axon bundles)
  3. Endoneurium - Inner layer, surrounds axons
20
Q

What are the muscles of mastication? (4)

A

Temporalis, Masseter, Medial Pteragoid, Lateral Pteragoid

21
Q

What are the origin, insertion and action of Temporalis?

A

O: Temporal fossa (under zygomatic arch)
I: Coranoid process
A: Jaw elevation (closure)

22
Q

What are the origin, insertion and action of Masseter?

A

O: Inferior aspect zygomatic arch
I: Angle and body of mandible
A: Jaw elevation (closure)

23
Q

What are the origin, insertion and action of Medial Pteragoid?

A

O: Sphenoid, Maxilla
I: Medial surface body of mandible
A: Jaw elevation (closer)

24
Q

What are the origin, insertion and action of Lateral Pteragoid?

A

O: Sphenoid
I: neck and articular disk of mandible
A: protraction and depression of jaw (Opener)

25
Q

What are the layer of the meninges?

A

Duramater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

26
Q

What does the Dura mater do?

A

Tough outer layer
cranial (2 layer)
- outer fused with periosteum of cranial bones
- inner creates fold between major brain structures
spinal - 1 layer

27
Q

What does arachnoid mater do?

A

subdural space - between dura mater and arachnoid mater
sub arachnoid space - between arachnid mater and Pia mater, filled with CSF