Miscelaneous Flashcards
What does the Frontal cortex do? (3)
-Primary motor cortex (pre central gyrus) - directs all voluntary movements
- Somatic motor association area (premotor cortex) - complex motor patterns
- Prefrontal cortex - decision making, risk assessment, logic, executive function
What does the Parietal Lobe do? (1)
-Primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus) - receives sensory info (touch, pressure, pain, vibration, taste, tempurature)
What does the Occipital Lobe do? (1)
- Visual cortex - processes visual info
What does the Temporal Lobe do? (2)
- Auditory cortex - processes sound, interpret as speech ect.
- Olfactory cortex - tied with memory
What are the regions for speech? (2)
Wernicke’s and Brocca’s
What is Brocca’s area involved with and what does damage become?
- Involved with speech production
- damage becomes brocca’s aphasia or non-fluent aphasia
What is Wernicke’s area involved with and what is damage called?
- Understanding speech
- Damage becomes wernicke’s or fluent aphasia
What does the left hemisphere do? (3)
- Reading, writing, math
- Decision making
- Speech
What does the right hemisphere do? (2)
- senses (touch, smell, sight, taste, feel)
- recognition (faces, voice inflections)
What is the Corpus Callosum?
“Bridge” between sides of brain
How long and wide is the spinal cord?
~45cm long and 1.5cm wide
What does the spinal cord end in and where?
Conus Medullaris, between L1 and L2
What is below the end of the spinal cord?
Cauda Equina, nerve roots below conus medullaris
What are enlargements of the spinal cord and where are they? (3)
- caused by amount of grey matter due to sensory and motor neurons in limbs
- Cervical enlargement - C7 - shoulder and upper limb
- Lumbar enlargement - T11 - pelvis and lower limb
How many of each spinal nerve are there?
8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
What are the parts of the spinal cord? (11)
Spinal nerve, Dorsal root ganglion, Dorsal root, Ventral root, Posterior median sulcus, Central canal, Anterior median fissure, Grey matter, White matter, Motor nuclei, Sensory nuclei
What is the ventral root in the spinal cord?
motor information, efferent
What is the dorsal root in the spinal cord?
sensory information, afferent
What are the connective tissue layers in the spinal cord? (3)
- Epineurium - outer layer of dense network of collagen fibers
- perineurium - Middle layer divides nerve into fascicles (axon bundles)
- Endoneurium - Inner layer, surrounds axons
What are the muscles of mastication? (4)
Temporalis, Masseter, Medial Pteragoid, Lateral Pteragoid
What are the origin, insertion and action of Temporalis?
O: Temporal fossa (under zygomatic arch)
I: Coranoid process
A: Jaw elevation (closure)
What are the origin, insertion and action of Masseter?
O: Inferior aspect zygomatic arch
I: Angle and body of mandible
A: Jaw elevation (closure)
What are the origin, insertion and action of Medial Pteragoid?
O: Sphenoid, Maxilla
I: Medial surface body of mandible
A: Jaw elevation (closer)
What are the origin, insertion and action of Lateral Pteragoid?
O: Sphenoid
I: neck and articular disk of mandible
A: protraction and depression of jaw (Opener)
What are the layer of the meninges?
Duramater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater
What does the Dura mater do?
Tough outer layer
cranial (2 layer)
- outer fused with periosteum of cranial bones
- inner creates fold between major brain structures
spinal - 1 layer
What does arachnoid mater do?
subdural space - between dura mater and arachnoid mater
sub arachnoid space - between arachnid mater and Pia mater, filled with CSF
