Lower limb test #2 Flashcards
What are the parts of the distal tibia and fibula? (6)
Anterior margin, medial malleolus, inferior articular surface, lateral malleolus, distal tibiofibular joint, interosseous membrane
What are the tarsal bones? (7)
Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiform - lateral, intermediate medial
What is the acronym to remember the tarsal bones?
Tiger Cubs Need MILC
Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial, Intermediate, Lateral, Cuboid
What is the big toe known as?
Hallux
What are the arches of the foot and where do they run from?
Longitudinal - calcaneus - metatarsals
Transverse - Cunneiform - Cuboid
What are the commpartements of muscles in the leg? (3)
Anterior, Lateral, Posterior
What is the difference between inversion and eversion?
Inversion - base of foot medial
Eversion - base of foot lateral
What is the difference between plantar flexion and dorsiflexion?
Plantarflexion - pointed toe
Dorsiflexion - flexed foot
What muscles are in the anterior compartment? (4)
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius
What are the origin, insertion and action of Tibialis anterior?
O: Lateral tibial condyle, superior half lateral tibia
I: base of 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform
A: dorsiflexion, inversion
What are the origin, insertion and action of Extensor Hallucis longus?
O: anterior surface fibula, interossseus membrane
I: distal phalanx 1st toe
A: extension of first toe, dorsiflexion
What are the origin, insertion and action of Extensor digitorum longus?
O: lateral condyle, interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanx of toes 2-5
A: extension of toes 2-5, dorsiflexion
What are the origin, insertion and action of Fibularis Tertius?
O: Inferior aspect fibula, interosseous membrane
I: base of 5th metatarsal
A: dorsiflexion, eversion
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg? (2)
Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
What are the origin, insertion and action of Fibularis longus?
O: head of fibula, proximal 2/3 lateral fibula
I: base of 1st metatarsal, medial cunneiform (sole of foot)
A: eversion, plantarflexion
What are the origin, insertion and action of Fibularis brevis?
O: distal 2/3 lateral fibula
I: tuberosity on 5th metatarsal
A: eversion, plantarflexion
What are the muscles of the posterior superficial group of the leg? (3) and what are they known as?
Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris
Triceps Surae
What are the muscles of the deep posterior group? (4)
Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, popliteus
What are the origin, insertion and action of Gastrocnemius?
O: Superior to medial and lateral condyles of femer
I: Posterior calcaneus via. calcaneal tendon
A: Plantarflexion, flexion of knee
What are the origin, insertion and action of Soleus?
O: Solar line of tibia + head of fibula
I: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: plantarflexion
What are the origin, insertion and action of Plantaris?
O: Lateral supracondyle line of femur
I: Posterior calcaneus via calcanea tendon
A: Plantarflexion
What are the origin, insertion and action of Tibialis posterior?
O: Posterior tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
I: Navicular, Cunneiforms, Cuboid, bases of metatarsals 2-4
A: plantarflexion, inversion
What is special about tibialis posterior?
Starts lateral, tendon travels to medial side above medial malleolus
What are the origin, insertion and action of Flexor digitorum longus?
O: Posterior (medial) tibia
I: Distal phalanx of toes 2-5
A: Flexion of toes 2-5, plantar flexion
What are the origin, insertion and action of flexor hallucis longus?
O: Inferior fibula, interosseous membrane
I: Distal phalanx of 1st toe
A: flexion of 1st toe, plantar flexion
What are the origin, insertion and action of Popliteus?
O: Lateral surface of lateral condyle, lateral meniscus
I: Posterior medial surface of tibia above soleal line
A: unlocks fully extended leg
What does THD mean?
Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, flexor Hallucis longus
Deep posterior muscles pass behind medial malleolus in THD order
What is retinaculum?
similar to ligaments, holds tendons In place
What do the medial and lateral femoral condyles articulate with in the knee joint?
Medial and lateral tibial condyles
What are the collateral ligaments?
MCL - medial
LCL - lateral
What are the Cruciate ligaments? and how are they arranged?
ACL - anterior
PCL - posterior
Cross at back of knee
