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Biology > NERVOUS SYSTEM:Divisions and The Brain > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM:Divisions and The Brain Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the nervous system made up of?

A

neurons not organs

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2
Q

2 nervous system groups

A

Central nervous system:brain and spinal

Peripheral nervous system:CNS to body parts

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3
Q

Parts of the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

parts of the PNS

A

somatic (voluntary)

autonomic (involuntary)

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5
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

Connects CNS to rest of body
12 cranial nerves take impulses to and from the brain
31 spinal nerves that take impulses to and from spinal cord
contains only nerves

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6
Q

What is the somatic nervous system

A 
nerve controlling
-voluntary musculoskeletal region
-exterior sense organs
-reflex arcs
ALL UNDER VOLUNTARY CONTROL
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7
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system

A

-made up of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
-motor neurons that control internal organs
INVOLUNTARY CONTROL(happen automatically)

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8
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system

A

Falls under autonomic category

  • flight or fight (preparing for action)
  • simultaneous release of noradrenaline from sympathetic neurons (and adrenalin)
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9
Q

What does noradrenaline and adrenalin do? (sympathetic NS)

A

1.Increase heart rate and BP
2.Widens airway
3.Contracts muscle
4.pupils dilate
5.blood flow to skeletal muscles increase
6.digestive activity decrease
PREPARES BODY FOR ACTION

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10
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

involved in relaxation (rest and digest)

releases acetylcholine to return body to normal state after stress

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11
Q

What does acetylcholine do? (parasympathetic NS)

A

(opposite of adrenaline)

  1. decrease heart rate and BP
  2. contracts airway
  3. releases muscles
  4. iris widens
  5. decrease of blood flow
  6. increased digestion
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12
Q

What does the Central nervous system do?

A

composed of brain and spinal cord
-enclosed in 3 layers of membranes and bone
cerebrospinal fluid and tissue insulate brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

parts of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical-neck
Thoracic
Lumbar-abdominal
Sacral-tail bone

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14
Q

brain regions

A

Hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain

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15
Q

What is the hindbrain composed of/what is it for?

A

Midbrain
Medulla oblongata
Pons

Primitive, oldest part of brain (brain stem)

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16
Q

What does the MEDULLA OBLONGATA do?

HINDBRAIN

A

unconscious part of brain
close to spinal cord
regulates heartbeat, breathing, BP
reflex centres

17
Q

what does the PONS do? (HINDBRAIN)

A

carries on activities from MO

18
Q

What does the MIDBRAIN do? (HINDBRAIN)

A

connects hindbrain and forebrain

contains reflex centre for vision, hearing and touch

19
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

butterfly shaped, near brain stem
Impulses for movements controlled here
coordinates small muscle movements
maintains muscle control and coordinates balance

20
Q

What does the cerebrum do? (FOREBRAIN)

A

wrinkled for surface area
MAINLY WHITE MATTER
divides into right and left hemispheres
-connected by corpus callosum
-coordinates sensory data and voluntary motor functions
-memory stored and voluntary processes
GOVERNS INTELLIGENCE AND REASONING, PLANNING LEARNING, MEMORY, AND PERSONALITY

21
Q

What does the left side of the cerebrum do? Right?

A

left-verbal

right-visual

22
Q

What are the hemispheres of the cerebrum covered in?

A

cerebral cortex for intelligence

23
Q

How is this cerebrum divided?

A

into 4 lobes

  • occipital
  • temporal
  • parietal
  • frontal
24
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

receives and processes visual info

25
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

receives auditory signals, olfactory signal, processes language and meaning of words

26
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

associated with sensations
touch, taste, pressure, pain, hot/cold
-understanding speech

27
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

motor control
speech production
thought processes

28
Q

Explain what the corpus callosum does

A

connects left and right hemisphere of cerebrum

conducts impulses /coordinates activities of both sides

29
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Directs impulses that travel up the spinal cord to correct cerebrum region
-filters excess stimuli
“sorts and relays”

30
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

under thalamus
regulates homeostasis
regulates thirst ,hunger, body temp, water balance and BP
regulates pituitary gland hormone release
samples blood and releases hormones accordingly

31
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A

the master gland
2 parts-anterior and posterior lobes
produce hormones to control other glands in the body

32
Q

What does the posterior pituitary do?

A

releases the hormones made by the hypothalamus

but are stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary

33
Q

What does the anterior pituitary do?

A

makes and releases its own hormones
-released hormones when hypothalamus tells it to
ex)HGH
hormones that are controlled by either negative feedback or other hormones

34
Q

What is negative feedback? other hormone control?

A

N-hormone reaches a certain level and is turned off

other Hormones - hormone with opposite function is released to stop initial hormone release

Biology (14 decks)

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