DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:Accessory organs

Question 1

Salivary glands enzyme & pH

Answer 1

Saliva is neutral

Starch + H2O ——–Maltose (salivary amylase)

Question 2

Gastric glands function

Answer 2

Gastric pits in stomach with glands @ base
Produce gastric juice
HCl activates pepsin by reducing pH to 2.5

Question 3

Gastric glands Enzyme & pH

Answer 3

ph =2.5

proteins + H2O———Polypeptides (Pepsin)

Question 4

Pancreas functions

Answer 4

Endocrine gland- Secretes hormones(insulin and glycogen into blood)
Exocrine gland- uses ducts to secrete enzymes outside the body (digestive enzymes, sweat)

Question 5

Endocrine function

Answer 5

high blood sugar = insulin secreted
Low blood sugar= Glucagon secreted
CAUSES:
Liver stores glucose as glycogen
promotes formation of fats
liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into blood

Question 6

Blood sugar has a __________ level

Answer 6

homeostatic

Question 7

Exocrine functions

Answer 7

Pancreatic juice made in the pancreas functions in the duodenum

Question 8

Exocrine functions (cont)
What are the components of pancreatic juice?
(SLANT)

Answer 8

Sodium Bicarbonate
Lipase
Pancreatic Amylase
Nucleases
Trypsin

Question 9

Exocrine functions (cont)
What does sodium bicarbonate do?

Answer 9

Neutralizes acidity and provides optimal pH of 8.5 for the rest of the SLANT enzymes

Question 10

Exocrine functions (cont)
Pancreatic juice enzyme reactions

Answer 10

Starch +H20——-Maltose (Pancreatic amylase)
Lipids + H20——– fatty acids + glycerol (Lipase)
Polypeptides + H2O——–peptides (Trypsin)
Nucleic acids +H2O——– Nucleotides (Nuclease)

Question 11

The small intestine enzymes & pH

Answer 11

Intestinal juice:
peptidase
maltose
nucleosidase
pH=8.5

Question 12

Small intestine enzyme reactions + what is absorbed

Answer 12

Peptides +H2O—–Amino acids (Peptidase) ABSORBED BY VILLI
Maltose +H2O—– glucose (Maltase) ABSORBED BY VILLI BY FACILITATED TRANSPORT
Nucleotide + H2O —– Sugar Phosphate and Nitrogen base (Nucleosidase)

Question 13

Liver functions (list5)

Answer 13

Produces bile that emulsifies fat in duodenum
detoxifies blood
stores glucose as glycogen
stores iron and fat soluble vitamins
makes plasma proteins
produces urea
destroys old red blood cells & recycles hemoglobin
regulates blood cholesterol level

Question 14

Gall bladder

Answer 14

Stores bile

joins pancreatic ducts then enters duodenum