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Biology > CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: Major Blood Vessels & The Heart > Flashcards

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: Major Blood Vessels & The Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the subclavian ARTERY do? Where is it located? de02 or O2

A

Carries blood from Aorta to chest wall and arms. Below the clavicle
O2

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2
Q

What does the subclavian VEIN do? Where is it located?

deO2 or O2

A

Carries blood from upper extremities to heart.
Lymphatic vessels join the circulatory system at S.C Vein before returning to heart.
Below clavicle
deO2

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3
Q

What does the carotid ARTERY do? where is it located?

deO2 or O2

A

Carries blood from heart to the head.
near surface of skin
O2

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4
Q

What does the Jugular VEIN do? where is it located?

deO2 or O2

A

Carries blood from head to heart due to gravity.

deO2

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5
Q

What do mesenteric ARTERIES do? Where are they located?

deO2 or O2

A

Supplies blood to the Small intestine. O2

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6
Q

What does the superior vena cava do? Where is it located? deO2 or O2

A

Largest vein in body
carries blood from upper body to heart
deO2

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7
Q

What does the inferior vena cava do? Where is it located? deO2 or O2

A

Largest vein in body
carries blood from lower body to heart (right atrium)
deO2

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8
Q

What does the pulmonary ARTERY do? Where is it located? deO2 or O2

A

carries deO2 blood from the heart to the lungs

in the heart

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9
Q

What does the pulmonary VEIN do? Where is it located? deO2 or O2

A

Carries O2 from lungs back into heart (left atrium)

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10
Q

What does the hepatic VEIN do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

A

carries DeO2 blood from the liver to the heart via inferior vena cava

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11
Q

What does the hepatic PORTAL VEIN do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

A

-transports blood rich nutrients from the small intestines to the liver
-capillary beds on both ends
O2

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12
Q

What does the renal ARTERIES do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

A

Transports O2 blood from the heart to the kidneys

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13
Q

What does the renal VEIN do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

A

Transports deO2 blood from the kidneys to the heart via the inferior vena cava

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14
Q

What does the Iliac ARTERIES do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

A

Transports O2 blood from the heart to the legs

Aorta branches into 2 iliac arteries for each leg

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15
Q

What does the Iliac VEINS do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

A

Returns deO2 blood to the heart via inferior vena cava

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16
Q

What does the Coronary arteries/veins do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

A 
1st branch of the heart muscle
feed the heart muscle 
blue=vein
red=artery
deO2 goes back into right atrium via vena cava
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17
Q

What does the Aorta do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

A

biggest artery

carries O2 blood from the heart (L.V) to the body systems

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18
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

muscle tissue heart is made of

19
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

double membrane sac that surrounds the heart

20
Q

What does pericardium fluid do?

A

Lubricates between membranes to prevent friction

21
Q

where does the right side of the heart pump blood? Left side?

A

RIGHT- pumps deO2 to the lungs to be oxygenated via the pulmonary arteries
LEFT- pumps O2 blood from the lungs back into the body systems

22
Q

What is the atria of the heart?

A

the receiving chambers
left and right atrium (above ventricle)
RIGHT- receives deO2 from the body via vena cava
LEFT- receives O2 from the lungs via the pulmonary veins

23
Q

What is the atrioventricular valves/what do they do?

A

Separate the atria from ventricles
open when atria contracts
prevent blood from flowing backwards

24
Q

What keeps the AV valve from inverting when the ventricle contracts?

A

Chordae tendineae

25
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

pumping chambers
Left and right ventricle (below Atrium)
when right atrium contracts, blood gets pushed from AV valve into right ventricle

26
Q

Describe what happens when the right ventricle contracts

A

When R.V contracts, the blood pressure forces the AV valve closed, and the semi-lunar valve open for the blood to move into the pulmonary trunk

27
Q

What happens at the lungs?

A

pulmonary arteries push deO2 blood into lungs where the CO2 is removes and replaces with O2
Pulmonary veins then take O2 blood back to heart (left ventricle)

28
Q

What is oxyhemoglobin?

A

The protein hemoglobin tightly bound to O2

carries O2 to body cells

29
Q

What does the septum do?

A

Muscular wall that separates the right side of the heart from the left
keeps deO2 blood from mixing with O2 blood

30
Q

What happens at the left ventricle?

A

left atrium contracts and blood goes through AV valve and into Left ventricle
Left ventricle contracts and AV valve is forced closed
blood then enters aortic semi-lunar valve and into aorta

31
Q

Flow of blood through heart?

A

Vena cava–right atrium–right AV valve–right ventricle–pulmonary semi-lunar valve– pulmonary trunk–pulmonary artery–lungs–pulmonary vein–left atrium– left AV valve–left ventricle– aortic semi-lunar valve– aorta–body

32
Q

What is a Sinoatrial node? Where is it found?

A

found along wall of right atrium
stimulates contraction of the atrium
sends nerve impulse to AV node
initiates heart beat(pacemaker)

33
Q

What is the atrioventricular node? Where is it found?

A

found in right atrium close to AV valve
receives impulse from SA node, and fires to contract the large ventricles
-sends the message through purkinje fibres causing ventricles to contract

34
Q

Summarize the electric cardiac cycle

A
  • brains sends electrical impulse to the right atrium
  • SA node receives message and sends message for both atria to contract
  • impulse travels to AV and down long nerve fibres (purkinje fibers)
  • ventricles contract (atria at rest)
  • heart rests
35
Q

Systole=

Diastole=

A

S=heart muscle contraction

D= heart muscle relaxation

36
Q

What is an electrocardiogram? EKG

A

record of electrical impulse measured across the surface of heart

37
Q

How is the brain involved with the heart?

A

Regulates heartbeat and tells heart when to speed up or slow down
SA node is connected to the brain by the vagus nerve

38
Q

What are the 2 types of nerves in the brain that control the heart/how do they work?

A

1.parasympathetic nerve- regulates normal activities (during rest)

2.sympathetic nerve- fight or flight
it will speed up or slow down heart when necessary
automatic response

39
Q

Systolic Pressure?

A

blood pressure when ventricles are contracting,
Blood being forced through arteries
HIGH BP

40
Q

Diastolic pressure?

A

blood pressure as ventricles refill / are relaxed

LOWER BP

41
Q

Explain the BP changes throughout the body?

A

BP is highest at the aorta
falls through the arteries
disappears in capillaries
very low in veins (thus need for valves)

42
Q

Hypertension vs hypotension

A 
hyper= high bp
hypo= low bp
43
Q

What factors affect Blood pressure (7)

A

Vessel size- bigger=lower BP
blood viscosity- thicker blood= higher BP
vessel elasticity- more elastic= lower BP
blood volume- sweat lots=less volume/water= lower BP
cardiac output-higher heart rate=higher BP
age- younger=lower BP
stress- stress=constricted vessels=high BP

Biology (14 decks)

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