CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: Circulation and Blood

Question 1

Blood is made up of:

Answer 1

Solid(45) and liquid components (55)
S-Plasma
L-RBC and WBC

Question 2

Plasma contains ________?

Answer 2

Water (91%)- to maintain blood volume and transport molecules
Proteins (7%)- for clotting
Miscellaneous (2%)- salt, gases and nutrients etc

Question 3

Solid component of blood contains?

Answer 3

RBC (erythrocytes)
WBC (Leukocytes)
Platlets (Thrombocytes)

Question 4

Red blood cell structure? (erythrocytes)

Answer 4

No nuclei
biconcave discs
contains hemoglobin molecules and antigens
made in red bone marrow 
lives for 120 days

Question 5

Red blood cell function? (erythrocytes)

Answer 5

Transports O2, CO2, and H+

acts as buffer

Question 6

White blood cell structure? (Leukocytes)

Answer 6

Have nucleus
larger and fewer than RBCS
formed in bone marrow and lymph tissue
Squeeze out blood vessels and attack invaders

Question 7

White blood cell function? (Leukocytes)

Answer 7

Fight infection (produce antibodies or phagocytosis of pathogen)

Question 8

Types of white blood cells? (5)

Answer 8

BASOPHILS- release histone when damaged which cause capillaries to dilate (swelling)
NEUTROPHILS, MONOCYTES and EOSINOPHILS- become macrophages at site of infection (phagocytic)
(inflammatory response)
LYMPHOCYTES: T-cells- trigger immune response
B-Cells- release antibodies

Question 9

Platelets structure ?(Thrombocytes)

Answer 9

Fragments of cells (irregular shape)
No nuclei
made in bone marrow

Question 10

Platelets function?

Answer 10

Aid in blood clotting

recognize micro tears in blood vessels and bind together to form a blood clot

Question 11

Describe clot formation

Answer 11

-When injured blood protein, Fibrinogen is changed into Fibrin
Platelets + fibrinogen= fibrin
-Fibrin then clumps at injury site and partially blocks leak
-traps blood cells to clot injured site

Question 12

What are bone marrow stem cells?

Answer 12

Cells that are capable of dividing and differentiating into particular types: ex) RBC and WBC provide solution for disease

Question 13

What are antigens? What are the 2 types on human rbcs?

Answer 13

Identification glycoprotein on a red blood cell

2 types: A or B

Question 14

What are antibodies?

Answer 14

Protein designed to combat foreign proteins

• made by WBC
• bind to foreign proteins with foreign antibodies
• cause agglutination for WBC to destroy

Question 15

What is agglutination?

Answer 15

clumping of cells

Question 16

What type of antibodies do our blood have?

Answer 16

Our blood has antibodies that are opposite to antigens on our RBCs so we do not attack our own blood

Question 17

Types of blood and their antibodies?

Answer 17

Type A —-> type B antibodies
Type B—> type A antibodies
Type AB—> no antibodies
Type O—–> Type A & B antibodies

Question 18

What are bone marrow stem cells?

Answer 18

Cells that are capable of dividing and differentiating into particular types: ex) RBC and WBC provide solution for disease

Question 19

What are antigens? What are the 2 types on human rbcs?

Answer 19

Identification glycoprotein on a red blood cell

2 types: A or B

Question 20

What are antibodies?

Answer 20

Protein designed to combat foreign proteins

• made by WBC
• bind to foreign proteins with foreign antibodies
• cause agglutination for WBC to destroy

Question 21

What is agglutination?

Answer 21

clumping of cells

Question 22

What type of antibodies do our blood have?

Answer 22

Our blood has antibodies that are opposite to antigens on our RBCs so we do not attack our own blood

Question 23

Types of blood and their antibodies?

Answer 23

Type A —-> type B antibodies

Type B—>

Question 24

Universal donor

Answer 24

Can donate to anyone (O)

Question 25

Universal recipient

Answer 25

Can accept blood from anyone (AB)

Question 26

functions of circulatory system

Answer 26

Transportation (of CO2, O2, nutrients and waste)
Regulation( of hormones and other regulatory muscles)
Protection (clotting mechanism and leukocytes provide immunity)

Question 27

2 parts of the circulatory system

Answer 27

systemic circulation- blood vessels deliver oxygenated blood to body systems
pulmonary circulation-system of blood vessels deliver deoxygenated blood to lungs to become oxygenated

Question 28

Systemic arteries carry _____ blood

pulmonary arteries carry _______ blood

Answer 28

s=oxygenated

p= deoxygenated

Question 29

Pulmonary circuit pathway

Answer 29

body tissues-right atrium-right ventricle-pulmonary trunk–pulmonary arteries-pulmonary arterioles-pulmonary capillaries-pulmonary venules-pulmonary veins-left atrium-left ventricle-aorta-body tissue

Question 30

Systemic circuit pathway (to kidneys)

Answer 30

superior/inferior vena cava- right atrium-right ventricle-lungs-left atrium-left ventricle-aorta-renal artery-renal arterioles-renal capillaries-renal venules-renal veins-inferior vena cava

Question 31

What are the 2 capillary beds a blood cells will go through in the circulatory system?

Answer 31

lung capillary bed for gas exchange

organ capillary bed in the body

Question 32

How does the heart tissue get fed?

Answer 32

the heart is supplied with its own coronary blood vessels to feed the heart tissue
DOES NOT USE THE BLOOD IN ITS CHAMBERS

Question 33

what is a problem with the coronary circuit?

Answer 33

if coronary artery becomes plugged, and bloo is not supplied to heart then a heart attack can happen