CELL ORGANELLES

Question 1

Structure of the Plasma/Cell membrane?

Answer 1

Bi-layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins

Question 2

Plasma/Cell membrane function?

Answer 2

Holds cell together/gives shape

Regulates movement of substances in and out of cell

Question 3

Nucleus structure?

Answer 3

Dark granule in centre of cell

surrounded by nuclear envelope/membrane

Question 4

Nucleus function?

Answer 4

Controls cell activities
Contains genetic info
Directs cell division
Site of DNA replication and transcription

Question 5

Nucleolus structure?

Answer 5

Small dark spot in nucleus

made up of RNA with no membrane

Question 6

Nucleolus function?

Answer 6

Makes RNA, which then makes ribosomes

Question 7

Nuclear membrane/envelope structure?

Answer 7

double phospholipid membrane made of phospholipids with nuclear pores

Question 8

Nuclear membrane/envelope function?

Answer 8

Separates nuclear material from cytoplasm

Contains pores that RNA and proteins use to move in and out of nucleus

Question 9

Chromatin structure?

Answer 9

Densely coiled DNA loosely wrapped around histone proteins

Question 10

Chromatin function?

Answer 10

Contains DNA and codes for proteins

Question 11

Mitochondria structure?

Answer 11

Double membrane of Phospholipids
Has own DNA
Inner membrane = Cristae
Fluid in between=matrix

Question 12

What does cristae do?

Answer 12

It allows for more surface area for enzyme reactions because it is very folded

Question 13

Mitochondria Funtion?

Answer 13

Powerhouse of the cell
makes energy (ATP) through cellular respiration

Question 14

What formula is this? C6H12O6 + 6O2= 6CO2 +6H2O + ATP

Answer 14

Cellular respiration formula

Question 15

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do? How many types are there?

Answer 15

It is a transport system that runs from the nuclear envelope throughout the cytoplasm.
2types- smooth and rough

Question 16

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum structure?

Answer 16

ribosomes attached

usually connected with the nuclear membrane

Question 17

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum structure?

Answer 17

No ribosomes

usually connected with the nuclear membrane

Question 18

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum function?

Answer 18

Ribosomes make proteins and place them in rough ER

Rough ER then packages the proteins in a transport vesicle to the golgi body

Question 19

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum function?

Answer 19

Makes lipids and steroids
detoxifies waste products and harmful material
Found in liver cells and hormone glands

Question 20

Ribosome Structure?

Answer 20

2 subunits of dense granules made of RNA and protein

no membrane

Question 21

Ribosome function?

Answer 21

Site of protein synthesis
Usually attached to rough ER for protein transportation
free in cytoplasm

Question 22

What is a polyribosome?

Answer 22

Free floating group of ribosomes that make proteins faster with single mRNA molecule

Question 23

Golgi Apparatus Structure?

Answer 23

Stacks of flattened sacs surrounded by vesicles

Question 24

Golgi Apparatus function?

Answer 24

Collects, sorts, packages and distributes materials

modifies proteins and lipids from the ER

Question 25

Vesicles structure?

Answer 25

Membranous (bilayer) bound sac made by golgi apparatus

Question 26

Vesicles Function ?

Answer 26

Storage sac(temporary)

Question 27

2 types of vesicles?

Answer 27

Transport-moves substances from ER to golgi | Secretory- moves substances from golgi to cell membrane

Question 28

What is the cytoskeleton? and what does it do?

Answer 28

Series of protein fibres in the cytoplasm | maintains cell shape

Question 29

3 types of cytoskeleton?

Answer 29

microfilaments microtubule intermediate filaments

Question 30

Structure of Microfilaments

Answer 30

long and thin fibres made of actin anchored to plasma membrane organelles move around cytoplasm

Question 31

Structure of Microtubules

Answer 31

largest fibre cylinder shaped made of tubulin

Question 32

Structure of intermediate filaments

Answer 32

made of keratin | intermediate size between microtubules and Microfilaments

Question 33

Function of Microfilaments

Answer 33

structure and support to cell membrane | moves organelles around

Question 34

function of Microtubules

Answer 34

Anchor for organelles and monorail for organelle movement | used to make cilia, flagellum and centrioles

Question 35

function of intermediate filaments

Answer 35

keeps nucleus in place | Cell-cell junctions

Question 36

Cytoplasm structure?

Answer 36

Watery gel between cell membrane and nuclear envelope | Contains water with dissolved salts and proteins

Question 37

Cytoplasm function?

Answer 37

Supports and suspends organelles provides water allows diffusion in cells to occur

Question 38

Vacuole structure?

Answer 38

large vesicle common in plants (uncommon and small in animals) membranous sacs

Question 39

Vacuole Function?

Answer 39

Long term energy storage

Question 40

Lysosome structure?

Answer 40

Double membraned vacuoles with hydrolytic enzymes

Question 41

What does hydrolytic enzymes mean?

Answer 41

Digestive

Question 42

Lysosome function?

Answer 42

hydrolysis destroys harmful substances Suicide sacs-kills cell that breaks open a lot white blood cells

Question 43

What do plants also have?

Answer 43

Cell walls and chloroplasts

Question 44

Chloroplast structure?

Answer 44

Double membrane phospholipids Inside- stacks of discs called granum contain their own DNA, ribosomes and enzymes

Question 45

Chloroplast function?

Answer 45

Photosynthesis | granum = contains chlorophyll to trap solar energy

Question 46

What formula is this? ATP+ 6CO2+6H2O=C6H12O6+ 6O2

Answer 46

Photosynthesis

Question 47

Cell wall structure?

Answer 47

tough rigid outermost well made up of cellulose

Question 48

Cell wall function?

Answer 48

Maintains cell shape and skeletal support