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Biology > CELL ORGANELLES > Flashcards

CELL ORGANELLES Flashcards

unit 3

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1
Q

Structure of the Plasma/Cell membrane?

A

Bi-layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins

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2
Q

Plasma/Cell membrane function?

A

Holds cell together/gives shape

Regulates movement of substances in and out of cell

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3
Q

Nucleus structure?

A

Dark granule in centre of cell

surrounded by nuclear envelope/membrane

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4
Q

Nucleus function?

A

Controls cell activities
Contains genetic info
Directs cell division
Site of DNA replication and transcription

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5
Q

Nucleolus structure?

A

Small dark spot in nucleus

made up of RNA with no membrane

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6
Q

Nucleolus function?

A

Makes RNA, which then makes ribosomes

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7
Q

Nuclear membrane/envelope structure?

A

double phospholipid membrane made of phospholipids with nuclear pores

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8
Q

Nuclear membrane/envelope function?

A

Separates nuclear material from cytoplasm

Contains pores that RNA and proteins use to move in and out of nucleus

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9
Q

Chromatin structure?

A

Densely coiled DNA loosely wrapped around histone proteins

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10
Q

Chromatin function?

A

Contains DNA and codes for proteins

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11
Q

Mitochondria structure?

A

Double membrane of Phospholipids
Has own DNA
Inner membrane = Cristae
Fluid in between=matrix

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12
Q

What does cristae do?

A

It allows for more surface area for enzyme reactions because it is very folded

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13
Q

Mitochondria Funtion?

A 
Powerhouse of the cell
makes energy (ATP) through cellular respiration
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14
Q

What formula is this? C6H12O6 + 6O2= 6CO2 +6H2O + ATP

A

Cellular respiration formula

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15
Q

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do? How many types are there?

A

It is a transport system that runs from the nuclear envelope throughout the cytoplasm.
2types- smooth and rough

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16
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum structure?

A

ribosomes attached

usually connected with the nuclear membrane

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17
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum structure?

A

No ribosomes

usually connected with the nuclear membrane

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18
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum function?

A

Ribosomes make proteins and place them in rough ER

Rough ER then packages the proteins in a transport vesicle to the golgi body

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19
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum function?

A

Makes lipids and steroids
detoxifies waste products and harmful material
Found in liver cells and hormone glands

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20
Q

Ribosome Structure?

A

2 subunits of dense granules made of RNA and protein

no membrane

21
Q

Ribosome function?

A

Site of protein synthesis
Usually attached to rough ER for protein transportation
free in cytoplasm

22
Q

What is a polyribosome?

A

Free floating group of ribosomes that make proteins faster with single mRNA molecule

23
Q

Golgi Apparatus Structure?

A

Stacks of flattened sacs surrounded by vesicles

24
Q

Golgi Apparatus function?

A

Collects, sorts, packages and distributes materials

modifies proteins and lipids from the ER

25
Q

Vesicles structure?

A

Membranous (bilayer) bound sac made by golgi apparatus

26
Q

Vesicles Function ?

A

Storage sac(temporary)

27
Q

2 types of vesicles?

A

Transport-moves substances from ER to golgi

Secretory- moves substances from golgi to cell membrane

28
Q

What is the cytoskeleton? and what does it do?

A

Series of protein fibres in the cytoplasm

maintains cell shape

29
Q

3 types of cytoskeleton?

A

microfilaments
microtubule
intermediate filaments

30
Q

Structure of Microfilaments

A

long and thin fibres
made of actin
anchored to plasma membrane
organelles move around cytoplasm

31
Q

Structure of Microtubules

A

largest fibre
cylinder shaped
made of tubulin

32
Q

Structure of intermediate filaments

A

made of keratin

intermediate size between microtubules and Microfilaments

33
Q

Function of Microfilaments

A

structure and support to cell membrane

moves organelles around

34
Q

function of Microtubules

A

Anchor for organelles and monorail for organelle movement

used to make cilia, flagellum and centrioles

35
Q

function of intermediate filaments

A

keeps nucleus in place

Cell-cell junctions

36
Q

Cytoplasm structure?

A

Watery gel between cell membrane and nuclear envelope

Contains water with dissolved salts and proteins

37
Q

Cytoplasm function?

A

Supports and suspends organelles
provides water
allows diffusion in cells to occur

38
Q

Vacuole structure?

A

large vesicle
common in plants (uncommon and small in animals)
membranous sacs

39
Q

Vacuole Function?

A

Long term energy storage

40
Q

Lysosome structure?

A

Double membraned vacuoles with hydrolytic enzymes

41
Q

What does hydrolytic enzymes mean?

A

Digestive

42
Q

Lysosome function?

A

hydrolysis
destroys harmful substances
Suicide sacs-kills cell that breaks open
a lot white blood cells

43
Q

What do plants also have?

A

Cell walls and chloroplasts

44
Q

Chloroplast structure?

A

Double membrane phospholipids
Inside- stacks of discs called granum
contain their own DNA, ribosomes and enzymes

45
Q

Chloroplast function?

A

Photosynthesis

granum = contains chlorophyll to trap solar energy

46
Q

What formula is this? ATP+ 6CO2+6H2O=C6H12O6+ 6O2

A

Photosynthesis

47
Q

Cell wall structure?

A

tough rigid outermost well made up of cellulose

48
Q

Cell wall function?

A

Maintains cell shape and skeletal support

Biology (14 decks)

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