Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Nervous System Ch.15 > Flashcards

Nervous System Ch.15 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gangli/o

A

ganglion (knot or knotlike mass)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gli/o

A

glue; neuroglial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lept/o

A

thin, slender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lex/o

A

word, phrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mening/o…meningi/o

A

meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

narc/o

A

stupor; numbness; sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sthen/o

A

strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (usually refers to meninges)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ton/o

A

tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (of the heart or brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

-algesia…-algia

A

pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness, debility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

-esthesia

A

feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

-kinesia

A

movement

23
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

24
Q

-paresis

A

partial paralysis

25
Q

-phasia

A

speech

26
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

27
Q

-taxia

A

order, coordination

28
Q

pachy-

A

thick

29
Q

para-

A

near, beside; beyond

30
Q

syn-

A

union, together, joined

31
Q

uni-

A

one

32
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A

Sensory input: information gathered by sensory receptors
Integration: processing of sensory information
Motor output: activation of effector organs (muscles and glands) to produce a response.

33
Q

Divisions of the Nervous System

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

34
Q

Central Nervous System

A
  • brain and spinal cord
  • integration and command center
  • nervous tissue classified as white and grey matter
35
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A
  • All nervous tissue outside the CNS
  • Spinal nerves (31 pairs) carry impulse to and from spinal cord
  • Cranial nerves (12 pairs) carry impulses to and from the brain.
36
Q

Neurons (Nerve cells)

A

Structural units that receive and transmit impulses to other neurons and/or effectors

  • long lived
  • Amitotic…except for hippocampus & olfactory receptors
  • high metabolic rate
  • identified by the direction of impulses flow:
    • afferent: away from sensory source, to the CNS
    • efferent: away from CNS, to the effectors (muscles/gland)
37
Q

Astrocytes

A

Neuroglia of the CNS

  • Most abundant, versatile, and highly branched glial cells
  • star shaped
  • cling to neurons and capillaries
  • Help determine capillary permeability
  • guide migration of young neurons
  • adjacent cells are connected via gap junctions
38
Q

Microglia

A

Neuroglia of the CNS
-migrate toward injured neurons
-Transform into special macrophages undergo phagocytosis
-Provide immunological role
microglial activation is common in all neuroinflammatory disorders…alzheiners, parkinsons, stroke, MS…

39
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

Neuroglia of the CNS

  • May be ciliated
  • line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column
  • secretes CSF
  • Cilia facilitate CSF movement.
40
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Neuroglia of the CNS

  • branched cells with few processes
  • processes wrap CNS nerve fibers
  • form insulating myelin sheaths
  • disruption of sheath causes MS
41
Q

Major structures of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brainstem

42
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest uppermost portion of brain

  • divided into 2 hemispheres
  • each hemisphere divided into 5 lobes
43
Q

Functions of cerebrum

A
  • sensory perception and interpretation
  • language
  • voluntary movement
  • memory
  • emotions such as fear, rage, anger, food enjoyment, sexual behavior (limbic system)
44
Q

Cerebellum

A

Second largest structure of the brain

  • posterior portion of the skull
  • function in movement, posture, balance
  • coordinates and refines (signal from cerebrum) for muscle movement
45
Q

Diencephalon

A

includes thalamus, and hypothalamus

  • thalamus: receives all sensory stimuli except olfactory and processes/transmits to appropriate center in cerebrum. Also, receives impulses from cerebrum and relays to motor nerves
  • hyopthalamus: regulates involuntary activities (heart rate, body temp, fluid balance) and many endocrine functions.
46
Q

Brain Stem

A

Connects spinal cord to the brain

  • controls automatic behaviors necessary for survival
  • contains fiber tracts connecting higher and lower neural centers
  • Three regions
    • medulla oblongata: attaches to spinal cord
    • pons: bridge connecting midbrain to medulla
    • midbrain: separates cerebrum from brainstem
47
Q

Brain stem: medulla oblongata (3 centers)

A

Cardiovascular center
Respiratory center
Additional reflex centers regulate…vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing, sneezing.

48
Q

Meninges of the brain

A

CT membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord, 3 parts
Dura mater: superficial; bilayer structure
Arachnoid mater: thin; inferior to the dura
Pia mater: layer of delicate, vascularized CT, clings tightly to the cortex surface

49
Q

Function and Organization of Peripheral Nervous System

A

2 divisions: Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent)

  • Sensory consists of Somatic and Visceral
  • Motor consists of Somatic nervous system and Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
    • ANS consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
50
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

12 pairs

  • identified by number and name (occurs from anterior to posterior)
  • Named according to structures they serve or their functions.
  • may have one or more than three functions
51
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

31 pairs of mixed nerves

  • emerge from intervertebral spaces of the spinal column
  • identified based on their vertebra exit point
  • each has two points of attachment:
    • anterior root: motor fibers/efferent qualities
    • posterior root: sensory fibers/afferent qualities
52
Q

Motor division of the PNS

A

Motor neurons send impulses

  • Somatic nervous system (SNS): regulates skeletal muscles such as walking and talking
  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS): regulates visceral muscles such as the heart rate and peristalsis, and glandular and secretory activity.
53
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

consists of two subdivisions that regulate involuntary body functions and usually oppose the action of the other.

  • sympathetic (fight or flight): increase heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises BP to deal with crisis.
  • parasympathetic (rest and digest): slows heart rate, increases glandular secretions, relaxes sphincters.

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions