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Medical Terminology > Musculoskeletal System Ch.10 > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Ch.10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Appendage

A

any body part attached to a main structure

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2
Q

articulation

A

Place of union between two or more bones; aka joint

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3
Q

cancellous

A

latticelike arrangement of bony plates occurring at the ends of long bones

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4
Q

cruciate ligaments

A

ligaments that cross each other, forming an X within the notch between the femoral condyles

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5
Q

hematopoiesis

A

Production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

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6
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

voluntary or striated muscles i.e. eyeballs, tongue, and bones

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7
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

makes up most of the wall of the heart. striated

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8
Q

Smooth muscles

A

involuntary or visceral. found in organs, walls of arteries and respiratory passages.

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9
Q

fleshy attachments

A
  • attaches muscle to bone

- arise directly from bone-weaker than fibrous attachments

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10
Q

fibrous attachments

A

-connective tissue converges at the end of the muscle to become continuous and indistinguishable from the periosteum.

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11
Q

Aponeurosis

A

fibrous attachment that spans a large area of bone

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12
Q

tendon

A
  • connective tissue that forms a chord or strap

- attaches muscle to bone

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13
Q

ligament

A

flexible bands of fibrous tissue that are highly adapted for resisting strains. Hold two bones closely together in a synovial joint.

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14
Q

Flexion

A

decrease the angle of a joint

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15
Q

extension

A

increase the angle of a joint

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16
Q

Rotation

A

moves a bone around its own axis

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17
Q

Inversion

A

Moves the sole of the foot inward

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18
Q

Eversion

A

Moves the sole of the foot outward

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19
Q

dorsiflexion

A

elevates the foot

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20
Q

plantar flexion

A

lowers the foot (points the toes)

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21
Q

hematopoiesis

A

producing blood cells with the bone marrow

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22
Q

short bones

A
  • cube shaped
  • core of spongy bone aka cancellous bone
  • i.e. bones of wrist, ankle, and toes
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23
Q

Irregular bones

A

Bones that cannot be classified as long or short because of their complex shape.
-i.e. vertebrae, bones of the middle ear

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24
Q

Flat bones

A
  • provide broad surfaces for muscular attachment or protection for internal organs.
  • i.e. bones of skull, shoulder blade, sternum
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25
Q

Long bones

A
  • found in appendages of the body
  • i.e. legs, arms, fingers
  • three main parts diaphysis, epiphyses, and periosteum
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26
Q

Diaphysis

A
  • the shaft or long main portion of a bone

- consists of compact bone (forms a cylinder and surrounds central canal) and medullary cavity (aka marrow cavity)

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27
Q

Epiphyses

A
  • distal and proximal ends of the bone
  • covered with articular cartilage (provides smooth surface for movement of joints)
  • made up of large porous chamber of spongy bone
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28
Q

Periosteum

A

Dense, white, fibrous membrane, covers the remaining surface of the bone

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29
Q

Osteoblasts

A

bone forming cells

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30
Q

How bones are in the human body?

A

206

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31
Q

What are the divisions of the skeletal system

A

Axial and Appendicular

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32
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull
rib cage
vertebral column

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33
Q

Apendicular skeleton

A

upper and lower extremities and their girdles

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34
Q

Articulate

A

where to bones meet to form a joint

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35
Q

Diarthroses

A

freely moveable joint

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36
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slightly moveable

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37
Q

synarthroses

A

immovable

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38
Q

synovial joints

A

Joints that allow movement

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39
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiffness; bent, crooked

40
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

41
Q

kypho/o

A

humpback

42
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

43
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback

44
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

45
Q

orth/o

A

straight

46
Q

oste/o

A

bone

47
Q

ped/o

ped/i

A

foot; child

48
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, bent

49
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

50
Q

acromi/o

A

acromion (projection of the scapula)

51
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

52
Q

carp/o

A

carpus (wrist bone)

53
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneum (heel bone)

54
Q

cephal/o

A

head

55
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

56
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle

57
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

58
Q

cani/o

A

cranium (skull)

59
Q

dactyl/o

A

fingers; toes

60
Q

femor/o

A

femur

61
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

62
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

63
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (lateral flaring portion of the hip bone)

64
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium (lower portion of the hip bone)

65
Q

lumb/o

A

loins (lower back)

66
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpus (hand bones)

67
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsus (foot bones)

68
Q

patell/o

A

petella (kneecap)

69
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

70
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)

71
Q

pod/o

A

foot

72
Q

pub/o

A

pelvis bone (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

73
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm, thumb side)

74
Q

spondyl/o

vertebr/o

A

vertebrae (backbone)

75
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breastbone)

76
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (larger bone in lower leg)

77
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle (visceral)

78
Q

muscul/o

my/o

A

muscle

79
Q

rhabd/o

A

rod-shaped (striated)

80
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

rod-shaped (striated) muscle

81
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

82
Q

fasci/o

A

band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

83
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber, fibrous tissue

84
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane/fluid

85
Q

tend/o
ten/o
tendin/o

A

tendon

86
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness, debility

87
Q

-blast

A

embryonic cell

88
Q

-clasia

A

to break; surgical fracture

89
Q

-clast

A

to break; surgical fracture

90
Q

-desis

A

binding, fixation (of a joint or bone)

91
Q

-malacia

A

softening

92
Q

-physis

A

growth

93
Q

-porosis

A

porous

94
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of connective tissue

95
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

96
Q

Factures

A

closed, open, complicated, comminuted, impacted, incomplete, greenstick, colles fracture

97
Q

osteomyelitis

A

bone infection

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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