Endocrine System Ch.14

Question 1

adren/o…adrenal/o

Answer 1

adrenal glands

Question 2

calc/o

Answer 2

calcium

Question 3

crin/o

Answer 3

secrete

Question 4

gluc/o…glyc/o…glycos/o

Answer 4

sugar, sweetness

Question 5

home/o

Answer 5

same, alike

Question 6

kal/i

Answer 6

potassium

Question 7

pancreat/o

Answer 7

pancreas

Question 8

parathyroid/o

Answer 8

parathyroid glands

Question 9

thym/o

Answer 9

thymus gland

Question 10

thyr/o…thyroid/o

Answer 10

thyroid gland

Question 11

toxic/o

Answer 11

poison

Question 12

-crine

Answer 12

secrete

Question 13

-dipsia

Answer 13

thirst

Question 14

-gen

Answer 14

forming, producing, origin

Question 15

-toxic

Answer 15

pertaining to poison

Question 16

-uria

Answer 16

urine

Question 17

eu-

Answer 17

good, normal

Question 18

exo-

Answer 18

outside, outward

Question 19

hyper-

Answer 19

excessive, above normal

Question 20

hypo-

Answer 20

under, below

Question 21

poly-

Answer 21

many, much

Question 22

Structure and function of endocrine system

Answer 22

• consists of endocrine (ductless) glands
• secretes hormones directly into bloodstream
• control and integration of many bodily functions (acts with the nervous system)

Question 23

Endocrine system: Chemical messengers

Answer 23

Chemical messengers (hormones), travel through blood and lymph, until they reach target organ(s) that have the right hormone receptor, and then the affect takes place.

Question 24

Hormone producing and releasing structures

Answer 24

• pituitary gland
• thyroid gland
• parathyroid
• adrenal glands
• pancreas
• pineal and thymus glands
• ovaries and testes

Question 25

Pituitary gland

Answer 25

-tiny, pea shaped structure at the base of the brain -known as the "master gland" -stimulation of other glands to secrete their own specific hormones -secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Question 26

Thyroid gland

Answer 26

- Two lobes on either side of the trachea. - largest endocrine gland in the body - secretes calcitonin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4)

Question 27

Parathyroid gland

Answer 27

- two pairs of pea shaped organs located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid. - secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 28

Pancreas

Answer 28

- elongated organ located just below the stomach in back of the abdomen - secretes insulin and glucagon

Question 29

Pineal gland

Answer 29

- small pinecone shaped organ located deep within the brain just behind the thalamus. - secretion of melatonin, which influences the maturation of sexual organs during puberty.

Question 30

Thymus gland

Answer 30

- butterfly shaped organ located between the lungs. - withers away during puberty. - secretes thymosin

Question 31

Ovaries

Answer 31

- part of both endocrine and female reproductive systems | - secretes estrogen (estradiol) and progesterone

Question 32

Testes

Answer 32

- part of both endocrine and male reproductive systems | - secretes testosterone.

Question 33

ADH

Answer 33

Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). - regulates urinary output, increase water reabsorption from the kidneys. - role in blood pressure regulation.

Question 34

Oxytocin

Answer 34

- inducement of labor in pregnant women by stimulating contractions in he uterus - promotion of milk secretion from the mammary glands.

Question 35

ACTH

Answer 35

Adrenocorticotropic hormone, which regulates the production of steroid hormones by the adrenal gland.

Question 36

FSH/LH

Answer 36

- Follicle-stimulating hormone, which stimulates egg production in the ovaries or sperm in the testes. - Luteinizing hormone, which stimulates production of sex hormones by the ovaries or testes.

Question 37

GH

Answer 37

Growth hormone (somatotropin), regulates growth of bones and other tissues.

Question 38

Prolactin

Answer 38

stimulates growth of breast tissue and milk production in females.

Question 39

TSH/TH

Answer 39

thyroid-stimulating hormone, which regulates activity of the thyroid gland. - thyroid gland secretes three hormones - calcitonin: regulates normal blood levels of calcium and phosphate - T3: increases the rate of cellular metabolism - T4: increases the rate of cellular metabolism after being converted to T3 in the tissues.

Question 40

PTH

Answer 40

Parathyroid hormone. - regulates normal blood levels of calcium and phosphate (in conjunction with calcitonin) - functions include - stimulates osteoclasts to digest bonde matrix - enhances reabsorption of Ca2 by the kidneys - promotes activation of vitamin D (by the kidneys)

Question 41

Insulin and Glucagon

Answer 41

- insulin: removes glucose from the blood by promoting storage in tissues as carbohydrates when blood glucose levels are high. - glucagon: stimulates the release of sugar from storage sites in the liver when blood glucose levels are low.

Question 42

Melatonin

Answer 42

Influences the maturation of sexual organs during puberty

Question 43

Thymosin

Answer 43

Plays a role in development of the immune response in infants.