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Medical Terminology > Endocrine System Ch.14 > Flashcards

Endocrine System Ch.14 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adren/o…adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

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2
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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3
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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4
Q

gluc/o…glyc/o…glycos/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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5
Q

home/o

A

same, alike

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6
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

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7
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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8
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

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9
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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10
Q

thyr/o…thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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11
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

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12
Q

-crine

A

secrete

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13
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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14
Q

-gen

A

forming, producing, origin

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15
Q

-toxic

A

pertaining to poison

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16
Q

-uria

A

urine

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17
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

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18
Q

exo-

A

outside, outward

19
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above normal

20
Q

hypo-

A

under, below

21
Q

poly-

A

many, much

22
Q

Structure and function of endocrine system

A
  • consists of endocrine (ductless) glands
  • secretes hormones directly into bloodstream
  • control and integration of many bodily functions (acts with the nervous system)
23
Q

Endocrine system: Chemical messengers

A

Chemical messengers (hormones), travel through blood and lymph, until they reach target organ(s) that have the right hormone receptor, and then the affect takes place.

24
Q

Hormone producing and releasing structures

A
  • pituitary gland
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid
  • adrenal glands
  • pancreas
  • pineal and thymus glands
  • ovaries and testes
25
Q

Pituitary gland

A

-tiny, pea shaped structure at the base of the brain
-known as the “master gland”
-stimulation of other glands to secrete their own specific hormones
-secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin,
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

26
Q

Thyroid gland

A
  • Two lobes on either side of the trachea.
  • largest endocrine gland in the body
  • secretes calcitonin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4)
27
Q

Parathyroid gland

A
  • two pairs of pea shaped organs located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid.
  • secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
28
Q

Pancreas

A
  • elongated organ located just below the stomach in back of the abdomen
  • secretes insulin and glucagon
29
Q

Pineal gland

A
  • small pinecone shaped organ located deep within the brain just behind the thalamus.
  • secretion of melatonin, which influences the maturation of sexual organs during puberty.
30
Q

Thymus gland

A
  • butterfly shaped organ located between the lungs.
  • withers away during puberty.
  • secretes thymosin
31
Q

Ovaries

A
  • part of both endocrine and female reproductive systems

- secretes estrogen (estradiol) and progesterone

32
Q

Testes

A
  • part of both endocrine and male reproductive systems

- secretes testosterone.

33
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin).

  • regulates urinary output, increase water reabsorption from the kidneys.
  • role in blood pressure regulation.
34
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • inducement of labor in pregnant women by stimulating contractions in he uterus
  • promotion of milk secretion from the mammary glands.
35
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone, which regulates the production of steroid hormones by the adrenal gland.

36
Q

FSH/LH

A
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone, which stimulates egg production in the ovaries or sperm in the testes.
  • Luteinizing hormone, which stimulates production of sex hormones by the ovaries or testes.
37
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone (somatotropin), regulates growth of bones and other tissues.

38
Q

Prolactin

A

stimulates growth of breast tissue and milk production in females.

39
Q

TSH/TH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone, which regulates activity of the thyroid gland.

  • thyroid gland secretes three hormones
  • calcitonin: regulates normal blood levels of calcium and phosphate
  • T3: increases the rate of cellular metabolism
  • T4: increases the rate of cellular metabolism after being converted to T3 in the tissues.
40
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone.

  • regulates normal blood levels of calcium and phosphate (in conjunction with calcitonin)
  • functions include
  • stimulates osteoclasts to digest bonde matrix
  • enhances reabsorption of Ca2 by the kidneys
  • promotes activation of vitamin D (by the kidneys)
41
Q

Insulin and Glucagon

A
  • insulin: removes glucose from the blood by promoting storage in tissues as carbohydrates when blood glucose levels are high.
  • glucagon: stimulates the release of sugar from storage sites in the liver when blood glucose levels are low.
42
Q

Melatonin

A

Influences the maturation of sexual organs during puberty

43
Q

Thymosin

A

Plays a role in development of the immune response in infants.

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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