NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
What is the Central Nervous System?
Brain and Spinal Cord
What is the Peripheral Nervous system ?
Spinal and Cranial Nerves
In the human brain the Pre-frontal Cortex does?
ASSISTS IN THE PLANNING OF MOVEMENT
IN the Human brain the Motor Cortex does?
Controls specific muscles
In the Human brain the Somato-sensory cortex does?
INTERPRETS SENSORY INFORMATION
In the human brain the Cerebellum does?
HELPS COORDINATE MOVEMENT
What are the Four regions of the spinal cord ?
CERVICAL THORACIC LUMBAR SACRAL COCYGEAL
How many pairs of Cranial nerves are there?
12
What does the Somatic Nervous System do?
VOLUNTARY CONTROL OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLES
What does the Autonomic nervous system do?
INVOLUNTARY CONTROL OF SMOOTH MUSCLE, CARDIAC MUSCLE AND GLANDS
In the Autonomic Nervous System there are two different system, what are they?
SYMPATHETIC
PARASYMPATHETIC
What are the different types of Neurons ?
SENSORY (AFFERENT)
MOTOR (EFFERENT)
Ventral Root+Dorsal Root=
Spinal nerve
The ____________, or neuron, consists of a nerve cell body and projections from it, which are known respectively as the axon and the dendrite.
NERVE
In a motor nerve, the _______________ receives information from surrounding tissue and conducts the nerve impulse to the nerves cell body (responsible for neuron nutrition).
DENDRITE
The __________ conducts the nerve impulse from the cell body to the muscle fibers
AXON
A nerve innervating a muscle is referred to as a ________________, and that plus all muscle fibers it innervates is known as a motor unit.
MOTOR NEURON
Neurons can be divided into three basic parts
Cell body -contains the nucleus DENDRITES -conduct impulses toward cell body AXON -carries electrical impulse away from cell body.
__________________
Ability of the neuron to respond to Stimulation.
IRRITABILITY
_________________
Capable of sending information to other structures. (Muscles, glands, and other neurons)
CONDUCTIVITY
Neurons can pump large quantities of ions across their membranes to produce a voltage difference (an electrical potential) between the inside and outside of the cell. This is called the ______________________________.
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
What can be triggered once you stimulate the neuron?
ACTION POTENTIAL
An_________________ at one point on the surface of a cell will set off action potentials around it in a chain reaction, spreading almost instantly across the entire cell and down its axon.
*Opens Na+ channels, and Na+ diffuses into cell. (Inside becomes more positive)
ACTION POTENTIAL
____________ of action potentials is the basis of most communication within the Nervous system.
TRANSMISSION
______________
-return to resting membrane potential.
- K+ leaves the cell rapidly
- Na+ channels close
REPLORIZATION
_____________-
Once a nerve impulse is intimidated, it will travel the length of the neuron.
ALL-OR-NONE LAW
When an action potential is triggered, this sharp, clear signal is transmitted along the axon.
–At its far end, the axon breaks up into a number of terminal branches. Specialized swellings on these branches are called _______________ OR _______________
AXON TERMINALS
TERMINAL BOUTONS
–An action potential causes the boutons to release chemical signaling compounds called_______________.
–Which connect with receptors on the target cell.
–The combination of the neurotransmitters with the receptors can open ion channels or trigger other changes.
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
____________________
- a fatty substance surrounding some neurons.
- helps to facilitate the speed of the nerve impulse down the axon.
MYELIN
_________________
- causes de-myelination
- muscle fibers are affected
- creates more interference
- muscle weakness, vertigo, and partial blindness
- no know cure.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Regions at which transfer of electrical information between a nerve cell and another cell (which may or may not be another nerve cell) occurs are known as synapses, and the process of information transfer is called_____________________
*Neuromuscular transmission
Synaptic transmission
Excitation of the motor nerve is followed by _______________ and ____________________________.
Excitation and contraction of the muscle.
