MOD. 1 PART 2. LEC. 1 BIOMECHANICAL FOUNDATIONS Flashcards
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The application of mechanical principles to the study of forces on the human body and the results of these forces
BIOMECHANICS
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Internal forces (within the body) + External Forces (outside the body)
Observed movement
- Study of growth and development- development of muscle, bones, joints.
_______________________- Study of biomechanically optimal environments
ERGONOMICS
__________________________
Clinical evaluation of injuries
Splints and orthotics, carats, prosthetics
Sport performance evaluation
REHABILITATION
What are the Three general types of Human Motion?
TRANSLATIONAL
ROTATIONAL
GENERAL
__________________________
- All parts of the body move in the same direction, same distance and same time.
- the path may be straight >Rectilinear or Curved
TRANSLATIONAL
What is an example of a Rectilinear motion?
ICE SKATER MAINTAIN THE SAME BODY POSITION
A pair a shoot jumper falling on a curvilinear path is an example of what type of motion?
CURVILINEAR MOTION
_______________________
-A body moves in a circular path about some axis
I.e.- leg curl
-all parts of the body traverse the same angle, same direction and same time.
ROTATIONAL MOTION
What type of motion is a combo of translation and rotation?
It is most typical and is difficult to analyze.
GENERAL MOTION
What are the major areas within biomechanics?
KINEMATICS
KINETICS
What is the description of Motion?
EXAMPLES CAN BE; How far? In what direction? How fast? How fast did it change speeds?
KINEMATICS
What is the determination (or causes ) of motion?
KINETICS
What are the 2 categories of KINEMATICS?
Linear ————->
Angular /
/
/
/
/What are the types of Descriptions of linear motion ?
__________________
__________________
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DISTANCE
DISPLACEMENT
SPEED
__________________
The total length of the movement path regardless of direction
DISTANCE
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- Change in body position with reference to its starting
- position and the direction of movement
DISPLACEMENT
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
-distance traveled of a body relative to some time period
-55mi/hr
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_=Length (L)
—————
Time (T)SPEED
____________________
-displacement of a body over some time period
-___________=Dfinish - Dstart
Tfinish- Tstart
VELOCITY
__________________
Change of velocity over a time period.
_____________= Vfinish - Vstart
———————
Tfinish - Tstart
ACCELERATION
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.l
.l
.l. /\
.l. /. \ /
.l. /. \. /
.l. /. \. /
.l/\_\_\_\_\_\_\\_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\. /
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\/INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION
________________
Express only magnitude (eg. Calorie, speed)
SCALARS
_______________
Express magnitude AND direction displacement, velocity, acceleration
^
v
VECTORS
What is the Pythagora’s Theorem Formula?
C2=a2+b2
C= -/a2+b2
_________________
Body’s resistance to change its present condition.
-a body at rest tends to stay at rest.
-a body in motion tends to stay in motion
INERTIA
________________
Quantity of a body’s matter.
-directly related to inertia
-the greater the _____, the greater the body’s resistance to change its present condition.
MASS
______________
The pushing or pulling effect one body may exert on another.
-this is a vector.
-Resultant ______ vectors can be calculated
FORCE
___________=mass x velocity
WEIGHT. 100 Mdash
Child=30 kg. 15s
Adult=90kg. 15s
Childs momentum = 200kg x m/s
Adults momentum = 600kg x m/s
MOMENTUM
What are Newtons three Laws of Motion?
These apply to all matter in the Universe
EXCEPT- complex systems, subatomic particles
The Law of Inertia
The Law of Acceleration
The Law of Action and Reaction
___________________
-a body will continue in its state of rest or uniform motion.
-unless acted upon by an external force.
THE LAW OF INERTIA
_________________
The acceleration of a body is proportional to the force imparted on it and inversely proportional to its mass
A= f
M
F=m x a
THE LAW OF ACCELERATION
The measure of Force is called _____________
NEWTON
__________= force required to accelerate one kilogram of mass at a rate of one meter per second squared
NEWTON
you push me, i am going to push you back. This is an example of which of Newtons three laws?
THE LAW OF ACTION AND REACTION
To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
THE LAW OF ACTION AND REACTION
All three laws (newtons laws) can also be applied to ______________(__________)
Motion
ROTATIONAL (ANGULAR)
Force in angular motion must be changed to _________
Torque
______ = Force x Lever arm
-Force necessary to rotate a body
-Lever arm = the shortest distance from the center of the body’s axis…..
To the line of application of the force.
TORQUE
______________
A rigid body with an axis of rotation
All have;
- Axis of rotation (A) - A resistance (R) - A force (F)
LEVER ARMS
_________________
Moment (Effort) Arm
The Distance between the axis of rotation (A) and the Force (F)
FIRST CLASS LEVER
F X FA = R X RA
Stands for what ?
FORCE X FORCE ARM = RESISTANCE X RESISTANCE ARM
What is the formula for Mechanical Advantage?
FORCE ARM
——————
RESISTANCE
ARM
In what class lever is the fulcrum located in between the Force and the Resistance?
ITS MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE CAN BE GREATER OR LESS THAN 1.
1st CLASS LEVER
The ____________ is the most common used in the body.
3RD CLASS LEVER
