MOTOR CONTROL Flashcards
__________________________
- Uses 15% of total blood supply
- used 25% of total oxygen
- 3.5lbs
- 2.5% of total body weight
- Blood supply cut off for 15 sec, lose consciousness cut off for 4MIN,
- brain damage but functions of damaged neurons can be shifted to others.
HUMAN BRAIN
The Supplementary Motor Cortex Assists in ?
PLANNING OF MOVEMENT
Supplementary motor cortex does two things, what are they ?
Finger Movement Sequence (Performance/mental rehearsal)
What are 4 things the Motor Cortex does ?
- ASSIGNS MUSCLES
- DIRECTION OF MOTION
- HELPS DEVELOP LEVELS OF FORCE
- CONTRALATERAL CONTROL
The Somato-Sensory Cortex does what ?
- INTERPRETS SENSORY INFORMATION
- CONTRALATERAL REPRESENTATION
The Cerebellum does What ?
Helps coordinate movement
-helps control balance
Cere-Cerebellar Loop (_______________)
Every 10 ms
What does the Basal Ganglia do?
- Initiation of movement
- the Intensity of activation produces
__________________
- bloody supply cut off for 15 SEC, LOSE consciousness cut off for 4MIN, BRAIN DAMAGE.
- but functions of damaged neurons can be shifted to others.
HUMAN BRAIN
The Basal Ganglia produces a neurotransmitter called?
DOPAMINE
-
- PYRAMIDAL (CORTICO-SPINAL) TRACT
- EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACTS
____________________
-sends Motor commands for voluntary movements
PYRAMIDAL (CORTICO-SPINAL) TRACT
______________________
-Balance and posture
EXTRAPYRAMIDAL TRACTS
What is the Major AFFERENT Pathway ?
DORSAL COLUMN
__________________
- send sensory information to somatosensory cortex (conscious perception)
DORSAL COLUMN
_______________
-describes behavior
MODEL
________
-a stable relationship between two or more Variables
LAW
____________
-tries to explain behavior, also makes predictions
THEORY
When a person is given certain input or stimulus, that stimulus affects the persons actions.
What theory is this ?
THE BLACK BOX THEORY
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Sensory information (environment/body) is processed in different stages
THE INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL
Input> stimulus Identification>Response Selection> response Programming> Output.
INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL
High Centers > Spinal Level > Lower Level (sends muscle/joint feedback to the Spinal Level) > Movement (movement sends visual feedback to the spinal levels.
Open and Closed Loop Control
_______________________
Movement is programmed by muscle commands from the higher centers.
MOTOR PROGRAMMING THEORY
Programs contain two characteristics:
-variant features
Invariant features
____________________
-those aspects of movement that change (eg. walking speed)
Variant Features
____________________
- Those aspects that do not change.
- Differentiate different programs
INVARIANT FEATURES
_____________________
- The Motor system does not directly control the once of a movement.
- Rather it controls the THRESHOLD of activation of motor units
- Both agonist and antagonist muscles can be controlled this way
EQUILIBRIUM POINT THEORY
___________________
- Focus on the coordination of movement among, joints muscles or neurons
- changes in patterns of coordination due to many factors besides higher level influence
- Order parameters
- describe the patterns
- control parameters
-outside variables that induce pattern change
DYNAMIC PATTERN THEORY
________________
- time from onset of stimulus to the initiation of the response.
- (e.g. sprint starts)
REACTION TIME
_________________
-the time from initiation of movement to its completion.
MOVEMENT TIME
____________________
The time from the stimulus… to the END of the response.
RESPONSE TIME
What re the 2 laws Governing Reaction Time and Movement Time?
- HICK-HYMAN LAW
- FITTS’ LAW
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ -Govern behavior PRIOR to movement >Decision making - Reaction TIme Increases by a nearly constant amount every time the number of (response alternatives) Doubles. >Implications.. -Anticipation -Creating uncertainty
HICK-HYMAN LAW
________________
- Governs behavior during the movement. Can predict movement time, i.e….
- how long does it take to complete a movement
-Movement time Increases when:
>Distance traveled is lengthened
-target is small
-both
-In essence, speed must be traded for accuracy. “Haste Makes Waste.”
FITTS’ LAW
