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Kinesiology > MOTOR DEVELOPMENT > Flashcards

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT Flashcards

1
Q

Boys and Girl Diff.
-Body size?
________

-Anatomy?
________

-Physiological functioning ?
________

-societal factors
_________

A
  • No
  • not significant
  • no
  • upbringing differences
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2
Q

name?

A

Secondary aging

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3
Q

________________________

  • stimulus- tilt infant
  • response- infant moves head to stay upright
  • time - 2 to 12 month
A

LABYRINTHINE RIGHTING REFLEX

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4
Q

The number of health problems experienced by the individual

A

Physical condition

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5
Q

If you get heart disease, does exercise help?

A

The standard group had 796 deaths while the exercise group had 759 deaths. So yes it does help but only 1/4 maintained the exercise programs.

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6
Q

Periods of growth sports

A

Saltation

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7
Q

The voluntary use of the hands in manipulating objects

A

Prehension

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8
Q

____________________________

  • stimulus-turn infants head
  • response-same side limbs extend,
  • opposite limbs flex
  • lost around 6 months
A

ASYMMETRICAL TONIC NECK REFLEX

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9
Q

________________:

  • parental & family interactions
  • dietary factors
  • educational opportunities
A

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES

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10
Q

A complicated series of movements that resemble certain voluntary ambulatory motions such as crawling, walking, or even swimming.

A

Locomotor reflexes

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11
Q

A tough but flexible tissue

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

_______________________

  • assist infant in maintaining posture (head or body position) in a changing environment
  • birth to one year, sometimes in adulthood
A

POSTURAL REFLEXES

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13
Q

Areas of bone growth after birth occurring near the end of the shaft.

A

Secondary ossification centers

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14
Q

What were the other stages recognized when it comes to the Middle Age Concept ?

A
  • Emergence of Adolescence

- Emergence of Late Adulthood

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15
Q

________________:

  • age related increase in capacities and skill.
  • development is a function of all of the above.
A

DEVELOPMENT

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16
Q

The increase in the functional capacity of an individual (or a body part) without necessarily an increase in growth.

A

Maturation

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17
Q

Significant advances in locomotion that lead to adult walking behavior.

A

Walking behaviors milestones

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18
Q

_____________________:

  • stimulus-object placed on palms
  • response- hand grasps object with firm grip then lets go
  • lost by 12 months
A

GRASP REFLEXES

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19
Q

_________________:
-Quantitative increase in size of the body parts

Def. - a quantitative increase in the size of certain anatomical structure.

A

GROWTH

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20
Q

Periods of no growth

A

Stasis

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21
Q

The Earliest movements are _____________Movements and reflexes

  • these movements are movements of the leg and arm that occur without apparent stimulation.
  • May serve as a foundation for later voluntary movement.
A

Spontaneous Movement

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22
Q

Assist the infant in maintaining posture (i.e. head or body position) in a changing environment.

A

Postural reflexes

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23
Q

The Importance of studying the Elderly is called?

A

Gerontology

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24
Q

Ambulatory of the whole body.

A

Locomotion

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25
Q

______________:

-Increase in the functional use of a body part

A

MATURATION

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26
Q

The increase in life expectancy from birth a population of people over the last several centuries

A

Secular trend in life expectancy

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27
Q

Located within the mid-portions of long bones such as the femur and humerus where the beginning of ossification occurs.

A

Primary ossification centers

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28
Q

Involves the reaching for and occasional contact with objects

A

Prereaching

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29
Q

___________________:
Different subjects studied at one period of time.
EX.- study children from each age group 1 to 15 years of age at the same time
STRENGTH
-large amounts of data can be gathered in a short time.
WEAKNESSES
-less information on individual subjects

A

Cross-sectional

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30
Q

________________:

-Relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice.

A

LEARNING

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31
Q

The infants use vision to guide their hands to the object.

A

Visually guided reaching

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32
Q

____________________:

Is the average age that all but a few individuals decease

A

Average life span

33
Q

____________________

  • stimulus- hold infants in upright position on flat surface
  • response stepping movements
  • lost usually by 5-6 months
A

STEPPING REFLEX

34
Q

______________________:

The number of years free of disability in ones life.

A

Active life expectancy

35
Q

_______________:
-same subjects studied over long periods of time
-Ex> Following 50 children’s growth patterns every year for 15 years.
STRENGTH
-provides great deal of data of individual growth and development changes
WEAKNESSES:
Time and resources… has a high potential loss of subjects

A

LONGITUDINAL

36
Q

The average number of years of life remaining for a population of people, usually expressed from birth.

A

Life expectancy

37
Q

The motor milestones of crawling and creeping

A

Pre-walking behaviors

38
Q

____________________

  • Stimulus-loud noise, sudden loss of support, bumping of crib.
  • response- leg draw up, arms extend and then retract, back arches
  • if not present at birth-possible brain damage.
  • lost at 3-6 months but can appear in modified from even in adult
A

MORO REFLEX (OR STARTLE REFLEX)

39
Q

Related to the individual’s own perceptions and feelings about his or her health.

A

Subjective health status

40
Q

The max age any member of a species or race of people can live presumably set by biological limits

A

Maximum life span

41
Q

Use of at least two separate groups of subjects differing in age.

A

Cross sectional design

42
Q

A condition that results from a lack of the mineral calcium, which leaves bones more susceptible to injury.

A

Osteoporosis

43
Q

What are todays view of Developmental stages ? STAGES specifically.

A

-Prenatal
-embryo
-fetus
-neonate
-infancy
-childhood
-Early Childhood
Late Childhood
-adolescent
-girls
-boys

44
Q

When it comes to the physiological decrements with aging of the elderly, stiffness increases in connective tissue-

A

Decreases in mobility and flexibility

45
Q

The period of growth the human fetus

A

Gestation

46
Q

Difference between males and females

A

Gender difference

47
Q

The changes in the capacities and skill level of the individual with age.

A

Development

48
Q

Is the change of height smooth and linear ?

A

Linear

49
Q
  • toddler boys permitted and encouraged for vigorous _______ but girls are discouraged and sometimes ___________
A

Play

Punished

50
Q

When is the highest velocity of growth?

A

0-1 years

51
Q

State that there is no single cause of the aging process

A

Multiple factor theories

52
Q

The study of the aging process

A

Gerontology

53
Q

Rapid infant reaching movements where visions not required until the hand is close to the object.

A

Visually elicited behavior

54
Q

The number of cell divisions that may be “programmed” into the cells genetic code.

A

Hayflick limit

55
Q

A process of physical changes in which a child’s body mature into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction to enable fertilization

A

Puberty

56
Q

Depends on at least three major elements of the individual: the physical condition, the functional condition, and the subject health status of the individual

A

Physical health

57
Q

Are those primarily under the control of the lower brain centers and can elicited in utero (within the womb) or in premature infants.

A

Primitive reflexes

58
Q

What are the three categories of Reflexes ?

A
  • primitive
  • postural
  • locomotor
59
Q

The location of bone growth

A

Epipsheal plates

60
Q

What are todays view of Developmental stages ?

AGE specifically.

A
  • conception to birth
  • 2 to 8 weeks
  • 8 weeks to birth
  • birth to 4 weeks
  • birth to 1 year
  • 1 to 10 years
  • 1 to 6 years
  • 6 to 10 years
  • 8 to 20 years
  • 8-10 to 18 years
  • 8-12 to 20 years
61
Q

By year 2040, elderly (65 years and older) could make up to _________ of the US Population

A

20%

62
Q

______________________:

The use of two hands in manipulating an object

A

Biannual prehension

63
Q

In terms of exercise helping extend life it does actual help extend life but what actually extends life by 35-80% longer ?

A

Caloric Restriction

64
Q

Sex differences in motor performance & physiological functioning.
-Boys better than girls between ages of 5-12(until puberty)

A

-various ball skills
-batting
-catching
-kicking
-throwing
Jumping
Running speed
-but not- fine coordination and flexibility

65
Q

When it comes to the physiological decrements with aging of the elderly, bone mineral loss will?

A

Increase risk of fracture

66
Q

__________________:

  • time and resources…..
  • has a high potential loss of subjects
A

WEAKNESSES

67
Q

The decline in function prior to death in the absence of disease or injury, of the cells, organs, and various physiological systems.

A

Primary aging

68
Q

_________________

-involuntary response to a particular stimulus.

A

REFLEX

69
Q

Propose that aging is the result of deterioration of any number of physiological systems in the body such as the cardiovascular, immune, or nervous system.

A

Macroscopic theories

70
Q

State that the basis for the aging process is at the cellular level of the organism.

A

Microscopic theories

71
Q

Significant age related changes in aging

A

Stage of development

72
Q

__________________:

  • A set of quantities that are relatively fixed at birth.
  • and tend to set limits of certain characteristics.
A

HEREDITY

73
Q

______________________

  • under control by lower brain centers
  • elicited in uterO or in premature infants
  • allow for movement in uterO, proper placement for birth
  • most persist between 2 weeks to one year
A

PRIMITIVE REFLEXES

74
Q

Examines an individual (or group individuals) over an extended period.

A

Longitudinal design

75
Q

The ability of the individual to perform so-called activities of daily living (ADL), such as bathing, dressing, climbing stairs, rising from a chair, and so form

A

Functional condition

76
Q

A large set of variables such as parental and family interactions, dietary factors, and educational opportunities

A

Environmental influences

77
Q

_____________________:

  • reflexes have a functional purpose.
  • indicator of maturity and soundness of infants nervous system.
  • strength of reflex not correlated with future motor skill.
  • may also serve as a foundation for future voluntary movements
A

Characteristics of reflexes

78
Q

What is the Middle Ages Concept ?

A
  • Phase consisting of Infancy & Adult

- Ages consisting of Birth to age 7 & 7 to death

Kinesiology (13 decks)

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