EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
Characterize an individuals optimal level of anxiety related to peak performance
Zones of optimal functioning
______________
A physiological need that leads to an aroused state but with no directionality
Drive
What are different forms of Motivation Orientation?
- Extrinsic Motivational orientation
- Intrinsic motivational orientation
-arousal can measured with both psychological and physiological techniques
Measure of Arousal
______________________________
Psychological factors in exercise, and other physical activity settings
Exercise Psychology
A major factor in all three areas (sport psychology, performance enhancement, and exercise psychology) is what ?
Motivation
_______________
The level of activation of the nervous system.
Arousal
Avoiding hazardous situations - _____________________
Safety motives
What are the terms of motivation ?
Drive and Motive.
-the desire to achieve some result from a physical performance
Outcome goals
-imagining a future motor performance
Mental imagery
According to Csikszentmihalyi (1990), activities that create feelings of contentment when biological and social conditions are met.
Pleasureful activities
_______________________
-cognitive techniques to improve performance
Performance Enhancement
-the tendency to be either intrinsically or extrinsically motivated
Motivation orientation
A theory that states, that during imagery or mental practice, the muscles to be used in the actual performance are slightly innervated (or stimulated)
Psychoneuromuscular theory
_____________
A motive in Maslow’s Hierarchy
Belonging and love (affiliation) motives
-a major subdivision in sport and exercise psychology for using on psychological techniques to improve performance
Performance enhancement area
A relationship showing that increased psychological stress can lead to physical injury
Stress & injury
Involve the avoidance of dangerous and life threatening situations.
Safety motives
-a cognitive technique to improve performance.
Mental practice
__________________
Extent to which behavior is directed in a given direction.
-how long and at what intensity
-also is involved in changing a behavior.
Motivation
-the desire to participate in the activity for its own sake without the expectation for external rewards
Intrinsic Motivation
An environment that reinforces either intrinsic or extrinsic motivation
Motivational climate
-the arousal of an individual to strive for some goal.
Motive
A theory that argues that mental practice allows the performer to prepare for the various elements or possible sequences of movements involved in the actual performance.
Symbolic learning theory
_______________
An individuals negative expectations and potential consequences about oneself in a given situation.
Cognitive Anxiety
-an orientation to want to participate in a physical activity to win (e.g. beat others) to gain rewards (e.g. money, trophies) onto receive social approval for their performance
Extrinsic motivation
-vague goals that are probably not very effective
General goals
-a variety of cognitive techniques to improve performance
Mental preparation
-a process of setting future expectations
Goal setting
____________:
The arousal of an individual to strive for some goal.
Motive
-a psychological state that optimizes personal growth.
Flow
-the relationship between arousal level and performance
Inverted-U relationship
_______________:
A physiological need that leads to an abused state with no directionality.
-certain cues (stimuli) drive an individual to an aroused state….. like a baby’s hunger.
Drive
__________
Stimuli that evoke a drive
Drive cues
Provide a means for the individual to improve his or her self-image in order to deal capable and gain respect from others
Self-esteem motives
Goals that contain more detail regarding behavioral objectives and the time period
Specific goals
An increase in muscle tension, narrowing of the visual field, and increased distractibility as a result of psychological stress.
Stress response
Sport psychology, performance enhancement, and exercise psychology all play a role in _________________________________.
Sport and exercise psychology
Are there more motives related to participation in physical activity ?
- physical activity as a social experience
- physical activity for health and fitness
- physical activity as an aesthetic experience
- physical activity as an ascetic experience
_____________
Related to our desire to improve the skills needed to successfully cope in the environment.
Competence motives
Motive that relate to satisfying basic physiological needs, such as hunger and thirst.
Survival motives
__________________________
-psychological factors that influence individuals’ behavior in sports and competitive settings.
Sport Psychology
The desire to improve performance or the execution of a skill without an emphasis on outcome
Performance Goals
Physiological manifestation of stress
Physiological anxiety
What is Maslows Hierarchy of motivation? Start from the base of the pyramid.
- Physiological (survival) needs or motives
- safety and shelter motives
- belonging and love motives
- self-esteem motives
- competence motives
-the desire to direct behavior in a given direction, with some duration and intensity
Motivation
