EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

Characterize an individuals optimal level of anxiety related to peak performance

Answer 1

Zones of optimal functioning

Question 2

______________

A physiological need that leads to an aroused state but with no directionality

Answer 2

Drive

Question 3

What are different forms of Motivation Orientation?

Answer 3

• Extrinsic Motivational orientation

- Intrinsic motivational orientation

Question 4

-arousal can measured with both psychological and physiological techniques

Answer 4

Measure of Arousal

Question 5

______________________________

Psychological factors in exercise, and other physical activity settings

Answer 5

Exercise Psychology

Question 6

A major factor in all three areas (sport psychology, performance enhancement, and exercise psychology) is what ?

Answer 6

Motivation

Question 7

_______________

The level of activation of the nervous system.

Answer 7

Arousal

Question 8

Avoiding hazardous situations - _____________________

Answer 8

Safety motives

Question 9

What are the terms of motivation ?

Answer 9

Drive and Motive.

Question 10

-the desire to achieve some result from a physical performance

Answer 10

Outcome goals

Question 11

-imagining a future motor performance

Answer 11

Mental imagery

Question 12

According to Csikszentmihalyi (1990), activities that create feelings of contentment when biological and social conditions are met.

Answer 12

Pleasureful activities

Question 13

_______________________

-cognitive techniques to improve performance

Answer 13

Performance Enhancement

Question 14

-the tendency to be either intrinsically or extrinsically motivated

Answer 14

Motivation orientation

Question 15

A theory that states, that during imagery or mental practice, the muscles to be used in the actual performance are slightly innervated (or stimulated)

Answer 15

Psychoneuromuscular theory

Question 16

_____________

A motive in Maslow’s Hierarchy

Answer 16

Belonging and love (affiliation) motives

Question 17

-a major subdivision in sport and exercise psychology for using on psychological techniques to improve performance

Answer 17

Performance enhancement area

Question 18

A relationship showing that increased psychological stress can lead to physical injury

Answer 18

Stress & injury

Question 19

Involve the avoidance of dangerous and life threatening situations.

Answer 19

Safety motives

Question 20

-a cognitive technique to improve performance.

Answer 20

Mental practice

Question 21

__________________
Extent to which behavior is directed in a given direction.
-how long and at what intensity
-also is involved in changing a behavior.

Answer 21

Motivation

Question 22

-the desire to participate in the activity for its own sake without the expectation for external rewards

Answer 22

Intrinsic Motivation

Question 23

An environment that reinforces either intrinsic or extrinsic motivation

Answer 23

Motivational climate

Question 24

-the arousal of an individual to strive for some goal.

Answer 24

Motive

Question 25

A theory that argues that mental practice allows the performer to prepare for the various elements or possible sequences of movements involved in the actual performance.

Answer 25

Symbolic learning theory

Question 26

_______________ | An individuals negative expectations and potential consequences about oneself in a given situation.

Answer 26

Cognitive Anxiety

Question 27

-an orientation to want to participate in a physical activity to win (e.g. beat others) to gain rewards (e.g. money, trophies) onto receive social approval for their performance

Answer 27

Extrinsic motivation

Question 28

-vague goals that are probably not very effective

Answer 28

General goals

Question 29

-a variety of cognitive techniques to improve performance

Answer 29

Mental preparation

Question 30

-a process of setting future expectations

Answer 30

Goal setting

Question 31

____________: | The arousal of an individual to strive for some goal.

Answer 31

Motive

Question 32

-a psychological state that optimizes personal growth.

Answer 32

Flow

Question 33

-the relationship between arousal level and performance

Answer 33

Inverted-U relationship

Question 34

_______________: A physiological need that leads to an abused state with no directionality. -certain cues (stimuli) drive an individual to an aroused state..... like a baby’s hunger.

Answer 34

Drive

Question 35

__________ | Stimuli that evoke a drive

Answer 35

Drive cues

Question 36

Provide a means for the individual to improve his or her self-image in order to deal capable and gain respect from others

Answer 36

Self-esteem motives

Question 37

Goals that contain more detail regarding behavioral objectives and the time period

Answer 37

Specific goals

Question 38

An increase in muscle tension, narrowing of the visual field, and increased distractibility as a result of psychological stress.

Answer 38

Stress response

Question 39

Sport psychology, performance enhancement, and exercise psychology all play a role in _________________________________.

Answer 39

Sport and exercise psychology

Question 40

Are there more motives related to participation in physical activity ?

Answer 40

- physical activity as a social experience - physical activity for health and fitness - physical activity as an aesthetic experience - physical activity as an ascetic experience

Question 41

_____________ | Related to our desire to improve the skills needed to successfully cope in the environment.

Answer 41

Competence motives

Question 42

Motive that relate to satisfying basic physiological needs, such as hunger and thirst.

Answer 42

Survival motives

Question 43

__________________________ | -psychological factors that influence individuals’ behavior in sports and competitive settings.

Answer 43

Sport Psychology

Question 44

The desire to improve performance or the execution of a skill without an emphasis on outcome

Answer 44

Performance Goals

Question 45

Physiological manifestation of stress

Answer 45

Physiological anxiety

Question 46

What is Maslows Hierarchy of motivation? Start from the base of the pyramid.

Answer 46

1. Physiological (survival) needs or motives 2. safety and shelter motives 3. belonging and love motives 4. self-esteem motives 5. competence motives

Question 47

-the desire to direct behavior in a given direction, with some duration and intensity

Answer 47

Motivation