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Kinesiology > EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

____________________

- energy due to motion of the body

A

KINETIC

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2
Q

_________________

  • capacity of doing work
  • due to the position
  • or configuration of a body
A

POTENTIAL

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3
Q

A soccer ball at the top of a stair case has what type of energy?______________

If the soccer ball falls down the stairs what energy is being produced?______________

A
  • POTENTIAL

- KINECTIC

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4
Q

Energy is conserved

-energy can be transformed from one form or type to another.

A

1ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

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5
Q

What are the different forms of Energy ?

A
  • MECHANICAL
  • CHEMICAL
  • ELECTRICAL
  • THERMAL
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6
Q
  • Energy conversions are NOT perfect

- some energy lost during each conversion

A

2ND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

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7
Q

Energy stored as potential chemical energy….
-_____________

Metabolism refers to the energy conversions…..
-____________

A
  • in chemical bonds

- required for all actions

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8
Q

What are the Two Types of Metabolism ?

A

CATABOLISM

ANABOLISM

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9
Q

_______________

Breakdown of molecules for the release of energy

A

CATABOLISM

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10
Q

______________

Formation of larger molecules from smaller ones

A

ANABOLISM

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11
Q

______________(has become a slang term for kcal

  • (def) energy required to raise 1 kilogram (1 liter)
  • of water by…. 1 dog C (14.5 to 15.5) … or Kilojoule
  • (Deg) energy required to move one kilogram by a force of one Newton.
A

CALORIES

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12
Q

> 1 kcal = _______
1 g carbohydrates = ________
1 g fat = __________
1 G protein = __________

A

> 4.2kJ
4 kcal
9 Kcal
4 kcal

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13
Q

How many calories are found in 1 egg = ______

How many calories are found in 1 slice of bread (25 g or .9oz) _________

A

80 calories

70 calories

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14
Q

What is the recommended Daily Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Females (19-22 yrs, 55 kg or 121lbs)?

A

1700-2500 kcal

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15
Q

What is the Recommended Daily Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Males (19–22 yrs, 70kg or 154 lb) ?

A

2500-3300 kcal

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16
Q

____________________
-the energy’s requirement of an awake person during absolute rest. (Usually less than 1000 kcal per day, depending on body size)

A

BASAL METABOLIC RATE

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17
Q

A person that is sedentary most of the day caloric intake should be around ?

A

1800 Kcal Per Day

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18
Q

An endurance athlete’s BMR is between _________________ per day!!!!

A

6-10,000kcal

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19
Q

Energy Expenditure During Exercise

Activity Kcal per min. Per hr.
>aerobic Dance. ____. _____

A

Kcal per min

>6 >360

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20
Q

___________ increases metabolic rate after exercise

A

HEAT

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21
Q

__________ can occur due to water loss and lean body mass.

A

WEIGHT LOSS

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22
Q

When it comes to starvation diets lean body mass is usually lost with this diet. Many potential active side effects are?
>
>
>

A

Arrhythmia (irregular heart beat)
Anemia (loss of red blood cells)
Hypotension (Low blood pressure)

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23
Q

When it comes to Recommended weight loss program parameter should first and foremost be a__________________________________________________.

A

A combination of caloric reduction and an increase in physical activity.

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24
Q

With only ________________, lean body mass is reduced and metabolic rate actually slows down.

A

CALORIC REDUCTION

25
Q

___________ increases metabolic rate.

A

EXERCISE

26
Q

The body’s main fuel source ?

A

ATP - ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

27
Q

________ is catabolized for energy production and is responsible for all cellular work.

A

ATP

28
Q

Adenosine + Pi + Energy + Pi =

A

Muscle Contraction
Nerve Conduction
Hormone Secretion

29
Q

The breakdown of ATP near the ___________ &____________ molecules provide the energy required for muscle contraction.

A

ACTIN &MYOSIN

30
Q

_____________ sources can only sustain muscle contraction for a few seconds

A

IMMEDIATE ENERGY

31
Q

What are the three Energy Sources?

A

HYDROLYSIS
REPHOSPHORYLATION
& MYOKINASE REACTION

32
Q

__________________
ATP+H20————>ADP + Pi + Energy
ATPase

A

HYDROLYSIS

33
Q

______________- protein facilitating

A

ATPase (enzyme)

34
Q

_____________________________
CP + ADP ———————> C + ATP
This formula above creates CREATINE KINASE

A

REPHOSPHORYLATION

35
Q

_____________________
ADP + ADP —————————> ATP +AMP

This formula above creates______________

A
  1. MYOKINASE REACTION

2. MYOKINASE

36
Q

What is this process below ?

        I——————————-l
        I.                                               V   Glycogen                            Glucose——> 2 ATP +LACTIC ACID  (Muscle/liver)
        ^.                                     
        I\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_I        Non-
                                                        Oxidative glycolysis
A

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

37
Q

What are the different training techniques ?

A
  • OVERLOAD PRINCIPLE
  • SPECIFICITY OF TRAINING
  • PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING
  • INTERVAL TRAINING
  • ENDURANCE TRAINING
38
Q

_______________________

  • exercise body above and beyond what it is accustomed to (stress)
  • leads to physiological adaptations with greater functional capacity
A

OVERLOAD PRINCIPLE

39
Q

____________________
-Only those systems or body parts exercised will make adaptations
Ex. Improving arm strength will not improve leg strength
-However some carry over from cardiovascular conditioning from running to cycling.
- some Bilateral transfer effect has been shown-probably a neural contribution

A

SPECIFICITY OF TRAINING

40
Q

____________________

Gradual increase in stress level over some extended time period optimizes adaptations and reduces likelihood of injury.

A

PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING

41
Q

_________________________
INtense periods of exercise followed by rest
-allows for more intense effort
-also, time for fatigue effects to dissipate.

A

INTERVAL TRAINING

42
Q

______________________

  • Continuous activity at more moderate intensity over long time periods.
  • between 60-80% of maximal heart rate.
A

ENDURANCE TRAINING

43
Q

Training techniques to improve the energy sources, Immediate Energy Sources -
1.
2.

A

-Strength training
-Hypertrophy
(-Muscle contractions more forceful)

44
Q

What are other Non-Oxidative Sources?

A
  • INTERVAL TRAINING

- PERHAPS IMPROVES ABILITY TO REMOVE LACTIC ACID

45
Q

What are some Oxidative Energy Sources in terms of training techniques to improve the energy Sources?

A

ENDURANCE AND INTERVAL TRAINING

46
Q

In terms of Oxidative Energy Sources, Endurance and interval Training does what?

A

-Increase of mitochondrial mass either increases in number or interconnections between them. Greatly facilitating metabolism fo fats and removal of lactic acid.

47
Q

________________________

- the greater the rate of energy expenditure the shorter the life span no support for this theory.

A

The Rate-of Living Theory

48
Q

Bed rest and inactivity cause negative side effects, what are they?

A
  • decrease in maximal stroke vol.
  • decrease in coronary blood flow.
  • decrease in maximum oxygen consumption
  • increase in resting heart rate.
49
Q

What are 3 different types of Heart Disease?

A
  • CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
  • ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
  • ATHEROSCLEROSIS
50
Q

____________________

  • more than a 1/2 of million Americans die every year
  • another 3.5 million suffer some incapacitation
A

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

51
Q

______________________

Hardening of the arteries due to calcium deposits

A

Arteriosclerosis

52
Q

______________________

-Blockage of arteries by lipids and other matter.

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

53
Q

What Surgical treatment for Atherosclerosis executes a small balloon which is inflated inside the blocked artery to open the blocked area?

A

BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY

54
Q

______________________
The blocked area inside the artery is shaved away by a tiny device on the end of a catheter or by laser (to vaporize blockage)

A

ARTHERECTOMY

55
Q

What are factors that cannot be changed when it comes to Coronary Risk Factors?

A
  • HEREDITY
  • AGE
  • SEX
  • RACE
56
Q

Factors that might be changed when it comes to Coronary Risk Factors?

A
  • CIRGARETTE SMOKING
  • HYPERTENSION
  • BLOOD CHOLESTEROL
  • OBESITY
  • PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
  • STRESS DIABETES MAY BE CHANGED
57
Q

________________________
Physically active professions (postal delivers, longshoremen) had lower death rates from coronary heart disease than less physically active professions (bus drivers, postal clerks)

*autopsies on marathon runners who did not die of heart disease fins enlarged coronary arteries

A

PAFFENBURGER AND HALE

58
Q

_____________

  • karma has, et. Al. (1981)
  • compared sedentary to exercised monkeys
  • exercised monkeys had significantly less signs of atherosclerosis
A

EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE

59
Q

Energy Expenditure During Exercise

Activity Kcal per min. Per hr.

A

1

Kinesiology (13 decks)

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