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Kinesiology > Motor Control Flashcards > Flashcards

Motor Control Flashcards

1
Q

Lower motor neuron that stimulate extramural and intramural muscle fibers, respectively

A

Alpha and gamma motor neurons

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2
Q

The concept that these motor neurons are activated simultaneously during voluntary movement

A

Alpha-gamma coactivation principle

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3
Q

An area in the brain responsible for the initiation of movement

A

Basal gangila

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4
Q

A hypothesis that rhythmical control of locomotion is located in the spinal cord by a network of neurons

A

Central pattern generator

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5
Q

-a brain structure that assists in the coordination of movement

A

Cerebellum

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6
Q

A neural pathway that connects the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum

A

Cerebrocerebellar loop

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7
Q

A theoretical approach to understanding complex systems

A

Chaos theory

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8
Q

The time required to react to a stimulus when two or more responses are possible

A

Choice reaction time

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9
Q

A theory proposed by Adams (1971) on how movements are learned that emphasized the importance of feedback

A

Closed-loop theory

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10
Q

Extended practice on only variation of a skill

A

Constant practice

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11
Q

An outside variable that induce pattern change in complex systems

A

Control parameter

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12
Q

Patterns of coordination that making up an individuals intrinsic dynamics

A

Coordination tendencies

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13
Q

A major motor pathway involved in voluntary movement

A

Corticospinal tract

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14
Q

A lack of sensory feedback

A

Deafferentation

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15
Q

A concept developed by J>J Gibson that argues that we can pick up important features of the environment without major analysis by the brain.

A

Direct perception

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16
Q

Important sensory pathways that send information to the somato-sensory cortex.

A

Dorsal columns

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17
Q

A type of chaos on the coordination of movement

A

Dynamic pattern theory

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18
Q

Proposed by J.J. Gibson that stimuli be directly used by the perceptual-motor system without elaborate processing through separate stages by the CNS.

A

Ecological perspective approach

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19
Q

In dynamic pattern theory, this information defines the required coordination pattern involved in the new motor task to be learned

A

Environmental information

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20
Q

A stationary limb position where the torques of the agonist and antagonist muscles are equal and opposite.

A

Equilibrium point

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21
Q

A hypothesis developed by anatol Feldman, arguing that the motor system controls the threshold of activation of the motor neurons that innervate the muscles

A

Equilibrium point hypothesis

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22
Q

Muscle fibers in skeletal muscles

A

Extrafusal fibers

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23
Q

Information about a movement from outside the body

A

Extrinsic feedback

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24
Q

Information both within and outside the body that is used to help make adjustments of a movement

A

Feedback

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25
Q

Nerve cells sequentially linked with each other within a pathway.

A

1st,2nd, 3rd third order neurons

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26
Q

Movement time is directly related to the distance of the movement and inversely related to the target size.

A

FITTS law

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27
Q

Sensory receptors sensitive to tension

A

Golgi tendon organs

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28
Q

A law governing choice reaction time

A

Hick-Hyman law

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29
Q

Areas of the brain involved in producing movement

A

Higher center level

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30
Q

Sensory pathways from the muscle spindles

A

Ia AFFERENT fibers

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31
Q

A ratio of the distance moved and the target size in FITTS law

A

Index of difficulty

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32
Q

Describes how info. Is analyzed in the information processing model.

A

Indirect perception

33
Q

The amount of uncertainty

A

Information

34
Q

A concept proposing that information is processed in a series of stages within the brain

A

Info. Processing model

35
Q

Muscle fibers within the muscle spindle

A

Intrafusal fiber

36
Q

Similar o coordination tendencies in dynamical pattern theory

A

Intrinsic dynamics

37
Q

Sensory info. Within the body used to help control movement

A

Intrinsic feedback

38
Q

An involuntary response that occurs when the patellar tendon and quadriceps muscles are stretched

A

Knee-jerk stretch reflex

39
Q

Info. Bout how a movement is executed

A

Knowledge of performance

40
Q

Info. About the outcome of a movement

A

Knowledge of results

41
Q

Length-tension relations

A

Length-tension relation

42
Q

A component of the stretch reflex involving the higher centers

A

Long-loop reflexes

43
Q

A part of the motor system involving the muscles, sensory receptors and the load of a movement

A

Lower level

44
Q

A hypothetical construct in Adams (1971) theory that controls the selection and initiation of a movement

A

Memory trace

45
Q

The demonstration of a movement

A

Modeling

46
Q

A part of the brain responsible for selecting the appropriate muscles for a movement

A

Motor cortex

47
Q

A learned movement that is goal oriented

A

Motor skills

48
Q

A theory proposing that details of the movement are stored in certain parts of the brain

A

Motor program theory

49
Q

The duration of a movement

A

Movement time

50
Q

Sensory receptors within the muscles

A

Muscle spindles

51
Q

Types of movement control that do not or do use feedback, respectively

A

Open & closed-loop control

52
Q

The change of reflected light on the retina

A

Optical flow

53
Q

A variable in dynamic pattern theory that describes the various patterns of coordination

A

Order parameter

54
Q

A movement disorder due to damage of the basal ganglia

A

Parkinson’s disease

55
Q

A hypothetical construct in Adams (1971) theory that is responsible for error correction

A

Perceptual trace

56
Q

Major motor pathways

A

Pyramidal and EXTRAPYRAMIDAL tracts

57
Q

A voluntary response to unpredictable stimulus

A

Reaction time

58
Q

A rule in Schmidts schema theory responsible for selecting movement and making correction

A

Recall schema

59
Q

The relaxation of an antagonist, muscle during the contraction of the an agonist muscle around the same joint

A

Reciprocal inhibition

60
Q

A rule in Schmidts schema theory responsible evaluation performance

A

Recognition schema

61
Q

A hypothetical construct in closed loop theory that represents the correct movement

A

Reference mechanism

62
Q

Involuntary responses to stimuli

A

Reflexive movement

63
Q

The stage in the information processing model responsible for selecting various movement parameters.

A

Response programming stage

64
Q

The stage in the information processing model responsible deciding the proper movement

A

Response selection stage

65
Q

Reaction time plus movement time

A

Response time

66
Q

Involuntary shaking of a limb.

A

Resting tremor

67
Q

A theory developed by Schmidt (1975) that proposed the motor learning is dependent on the acquisition of rules that govern movement error detection and correction

A

Schema theory

68
Q

The time from the stimulus to the voluntary initiation of the movement

A

Simple reaction time

69
Q

An area of the brain responsible for conscious sensory information

A

Somatosensory cortex

70
Q

Represents the spinal cord contributions to movement

A

Spinal level

71
Q

The resistance to change of a coordination pattern

A

Stability

72
Q

The fist stage of the info. Processing model

A

Stimulus identification stage

73
Q

One of the area of brain assisting in the planning of movement

A

Supplementary motor cortex

74
Q

A perceptual variable that represents the time to contact.

A

Tau

75
Q

An integrative relay station in the brain

A

Thalamus

76
Q

Extended practice with several variations of a skill

A

Variable practice

77
Q

Aspects of a motor program that control changes in the movement and rhythmical timing, respectively

A

Variant & invariant features

78
Q

Willed movement

A

Voluntary movement

Kinesiology (13 decks)

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