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Kinesiology > KINESIOLOGY MOD 1. PART 1 > Flashcards

KINESIOLOGY MOD 1. PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are negative side effects from Lack of Movement

A 
Muscle atrophy
Loss of flexibility
Calcium loss in bone 
Irritability 
Anxious 
Mental depression
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2
Q

Positive effects of physical activity and exercise are?

A

> increase in cardio respiratory function
Muscular strength and endurance
Improvements in cognitive Function

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3
Q

The ______________ ______________ is the position of the human body standing erect with the arms by its slides and the palms of the hands facing forward.

A

Anatomical Position

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4
Q

The Chest is ___________ to the belly Button
The belly button is ________ to the chest
The Belly button is __________ to the bicep.
The Bicep is ____________ to the belly.
The Bicep is___________ to the Wrist.
the Wrist is ____________ to the bicep

A 
Superior 
Inferior 
Medial 
Lateral 
Proximal 
Distal
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5
Q

The _________________ divides the upper and lower halves of the body equally

A

Cardinal Transverse Plane

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6
Q

The ____________________ divide the right and left halves of the body equally.

A

Cardinal Sagittal Plane

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7
Q

The _____________________ plane divides the anterior and posterior halves of the body equally.

A

Cardinal Frontal (or coronal)

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8
Q

The____________________ passes through the body from side to side and is associated with movement in the SAGITTAL PLANE.

A

TRANSVERSE AXIS

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9
Q

___________________ passes through the body from front to back and is associated with movement in the FRONTAL PLANE

A

THE ANTEROPOSTERIOR AXIS

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10
Q

The___________________ plane divided the anterior and posterior halves of the body equally.

A

CARDINAL FRONTAL (OR CORONAL)

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11
Q

What are the 2 major sections of the skeletal system ?

A

AXIAL & APPENDICULAR

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12
Q

How many bones are in the Axial skeleton ?

A

80

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13
Q

How many bones are in the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

126

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14
Q

The skeletal system represents about ____% of the total body mass.

A

15

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15
Q

_________________ cylindrical w/ large knobby ends where ligaments and tendons attach near the joint. These bones have evolved to endure great stresses like those created during locomotion.
I.E.-FEMUR

A

LONG BODY

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16
Q

The Knobby end of a long bone is called ____________ and the long shaft is termed a _________.

A

EPIPHYSIS

DIAPHYSIS

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17
Q

Like the sternum also contain a spongy interior and hard surface, and generally have evolved to protect the vital organs of the body.

A

FLAT BONES

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18
Q

Like the vertebra are oddly shaped for a variety of purposes.

A

IRREGULAR BONES

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19
Q

________, ___________, and ____________ are the body’s hardest structural material.

A

BONE, DENTIN AND ENAMEL

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20
Q

__________(calcium, phosphate) make the bones hard and rigid.

A

INORGANIC SALT

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21
Q

______________(Protein collagen) make the bones tough, yet pliable

A

ORGANIC MATERIAL

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22
Q

What are the 5 functions of the Bones?

A
  1. Provide form and true true to the human body
  2. Provide protection for the internal organs (skull)
  3. Analogous to levers in a pulley system (providing attachments for muscle)
  4. Produce red and white blood cells and blood platelets (clotting)
  5. Store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
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23
Q

The point in the skeletal system where two or more bones meet (or articulate) is called a _______________

A

JOINT

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24
Q

Depending on the type of joint, the bones may or may not actually be attached to one another by connective tissue called ____________

A

LIGAMENT

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25
Q

Bones are connected to the surrounding muscles by white fibrous tissue called_______________.

CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN BONE &MUSCLE TISSUE.

A

Tendons

26
Q

There are how many types of joints?

A

3

27
Q

_______________ Involve the articulation of two or more bones that have been fused together.

A

IMMOVABLE JOINTS

28
Q

Have a restricted range of motion because of the particular structure of he bones and the connective tissue. Other types are synchro Doris is joints that separate the epiphyses from the diaphyses within long bones.

A

SLIGHTLY MOVABLE (AMPHIARTHROSES)

29
Q

_____________________ joints permit a wide range of movements.

A

FREELY MOVABLE (DIARTHROSES)

30
Q

> The ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a depression (socket) in another bone.

> circular. The joints can move in all planes, and rotation is possible

> Shoulder, hip

A

BALL-&-SOCKET

31
Q

ANn oval-shaped protuberance (called a condole) of one bone fits into oval-shaped cavity of another bone

> Can move in different planes but cant rotate.

> Knuckles (the joint between metacarpals and phalanges)

A

ELLIPSOID JOINT

32
Q

> Flat or slightly curved surfaces join together.

> Sliding or twisting in different planes.

> Joints between carpal bones (wrist) and between tarsal bones (ankle)

A

GLIDING JOINT

33
Q

> THe convex surface of one bone joins with concave surface of another.

> Up and Down motion, bending (flexion), and straightening (extension)

> Elbow, Knee

A

HINGE JOINT

34
Q

Cylinder-shaped projection on one bone is surrounded by a ring of another bone and ligament

Rotation is the only movement possible.

Radio-ulnar joint at the elbow (supination/pronation), atlanto-axial joint of the neck under the head (head rotation)

A

PIVOT JOINT

35
Q

Each bone is saddle shaped and fits into the saddle-shaped region of the opposite bone.

Many movements are possible; can move in different planes but cant rotate.

Carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb.

A

SADDLE JOINT

36
Q

There are six types of Diarthrodial joints

A 
Ball-&-Socket
ELLIPSOID JOINT 
GLIDING JOINT 
HINGE JOINT 
PIVOT JOINT 
SADDLE JOINT
37
Q

Calcium lost causing brittle bones (post-menopausal women, astronauts, sedentary or immobilized individuals)

A

OSTEOPOROSIS

38
Q

_____________ Bone cells that build bone matter.

_____________ bone cells that break down bone matter.

A

OSETEOBLAST

OSTEOCLASTS

39
Q

When osteoclasts begins to win, treatments that work are?

A

ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT
CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION EXERCISE
AN ACTIVE AND NUTRITIONALLY SOUND LIFESTYLE.

40
Q

what are good sources of Calcium ?

A 
MILK/MILK PRODUCTS
SARDINES AND CANNED ALMON
KIDNEY BEANS 
DARK, GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES 
CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS
41
Q

What are inhibitors of Calcium Absorption?

A

Excessive consumption of MEAT, SALT, COFFEE, ALCOHOL

42
Q

Too much exercise, particularly in __________________, reduces Body weight and body fat, causing secondary amenorrhea, a hormonal imbalance leading to a removal of estrogens protective effect on bone.

A

PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

43
Q

There are over _______ muscles throughout the body.

Muscles comprise about ____% of the total body mass.

A

600

50%

44
Q

____________ refers to a movement away from the midline of the body or body part, while _____________________ refers to a movement toward the midline of the body or body part.

A

ABDUCTION

ADDUCTION

45
Q

______________means moving toward the superior position, while ____________ is moving toward the inferior position.

A

ELEVATION

DEPRESSION

46
Q

____________ is the lifting of the medial border of the foot and __________ is the lifting of the lateral inferior position,.

A

INVERSION

EVERSION

47
Q

_______________ is the moving of the top of the foot toward the shin, while ________________ is the moving of the foot downward.

A

DORSIFLEXION

PLANTARFLEXION

48
Q

________________ is a circular or cone-like movement of a body segment, such as the motion required to draw a circle using only the wrist joint.

A

CIRCUMDUCTION

49
Q

______________

  • a type of muscle tissue that is not normally under voluntary control
  • stimulated by autonomic nervous system
  • located in the walls of the visceral organs (eg. stomach, intestine etc. )
  • pupil of the eye, blood vessels
A

SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE

50
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
What type of muscle tissue
- walls and partitions of the heart
-not normally under voluntary control 
-autonomic nervous system
A

CARDIAC

51
Q 
Characteristics of muscle tissue
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Muscle tissue can be stretched 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Muscle tissue returns to resting state following stretch
A

EXTENSIBILITY

ELASTICITY

52
Q 
Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Muscle tissue responds to stimulation
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Muscle tissue shortens following stimulations
A

EXCITABILITY

CONTRACTIBILITY

53
Q

What type of Muscular Tissue is called striated (or striped) most predominant type , over 430_____________ muscles

  • voluntary control
  • somatic nervous system
A

SKELETAL

54
Q

_____________ are arranged in parallel bundles within fascicles but the arrangement of fasciculi in relation to the tendon can vary.

A

MUSCLE FIBERS

55
Q

Fasciculi arrangement is correlated with:

  • ______________________
  • ______________________
A
  • the amount of power of a muscle can produce.

- the range of motion a muscle can produce

56
Q

While there is a wide variety of skeletal muscle shapes, they can be generally classified into four categories;____________,_____________, ____________, and ______________.

A

LONGITUDINAL
RADIATE
FUSIFORM
AND PENNIFORM

57
Q

____________ muscles have fibers that run parallel with the long axis of muscle .

A

LONGITUDINAL

58
Q

___________ muscles have fibers that fan outward from a single attachment.

A

RADIATE

59
Q

_________________ muscles are composed of muscle fibers that in the form of a spindle.
* these muscles do not produce as great a muscular force compared to PENNIFORM muscles. This is because the larger muscle generally contains more individual muscle fibers that contract to produce muscular force and the fibers are usually thicker, which implies more contractile tissue.

A

FUSIFORM

60
Q

_____________ muscles have fibers that are arranged somewhat like a feather.

A

PENNIFORM `

Kinesiology (13 decks)

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