Nervous system Flashcards
To have a grasp of this vitla subject
Name the 2 principle types of cell which form the nerve tissue of the nervous system
Neurons (responsible for active transmission of messages Glial Cells ( responsible for support, packing and insulation)
What are the 3 parts that the nerve cell consists of?
Cell body, Nerve fibre, nerve ending
what is the structural difference between white matter and grey matter
white matter is nerve fibres covered in myelin sheath. grey is aggregation of cell bodies.
where is the grey matter primarily located in the a) brain b) spinal cord
a) outer surface or cortex. b) centrally
Name the 3 fascial sheaths of a nerve, outermost first
- Epinenurium, 2. perineurium 3. endoneurium
Name the 2 parts that makes up the nervous system
CNS and PNS
Name 2 parts of PNS
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves.
Name the 2 physiological parts of the NS. What are the difference
- Somatic nervous system SNS , this is voluntary under conscious control 2. Autonomic NS- ANS this is involuntary generally not under conscious control.
What are the 2 divisions of the ANS and a brief explanation of each one
- Sympathetic division- ‘fight, flight and fright’ concerned with responses to external environment and activationg the body for external emergencies. 2. Parasympathetic division- vegetative functions ie building up resourses, digestion, immune system…..
in the SNS what do motor neurones do?
stimulate skeletal muscle
In the SNS what do sensory nerves do?
from periphery to CNS pain, temp, proprioception, vision etc these are perceived consciously
why is the spinal cord shorter than the vertebral column?
because the spinal cord grows more slowly than the vertebral column
where does the pia mater terminate in the vertebral column?
L2 in adults. L4 in newborn baby
At which vertebral level does the dura and arachnoid mater continue to?
S2
What is a cisternae?
these are areas of accumulation of CSF within the subarachnoid space.
where in the spine does the 1. cauda equina start and finish 2. Filum terminale
1.L2 to S2 2. S2 to the cx 1
What function are these area of the brian associated with. a) Frontal lobes b) Parietal lobes c) Temporal lobes d) occipital lobes
a) motor activity and personality b) sensory information c) hearing and speech d) vision.
what are the 3 sections of the brain stem called?
midbrain, pons, medulla
during expansion phase of csm what happens to the spinal cord?
superiorly
Name the 12 cranial nerves
I olfactory, II Optic, III Oculo-motor, IV Trochlear, V Trigeminal, VI Abducent, , VII Facial, VIII Vestibulo-cochlear, IX Glosso-pharangeal, X Vagus, XI Spinal Accessory, XII Hypoglossal.
how many cervical nerves are there?
8
which nerve eminates inbetween C7 and T1?
C8
Name the nerve root origins of the following spinal nerve plexi. a) Cervical plexus, b) Brachial plexus, c) Lumbar plexus d) Sacral Plexus e) Prudendal plexus
a) C1-C4 b) C5-T1 c) L1-L4 d) L4- S4 e) S2-S4
What nerve suppies the respiratory diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve C345
Name the 5 major nerves from the brachial plexus and relevant nerves
- Axillary C56 2. Musculo-cutaneous C567 3. Ulnar C78, T1 4th and 5th digits. 4. Median C678, T1 digits 123 and medial side of 4. 5. Radial C5678, T1
Name the 3 major nerves from teh Lumbo- Sacral Plexus
- Femoral L234 2. Obturator L1234 3. Siatic L45, S123
what regulates the ANS?
The hypothalamus
What is the principle neurotrasmitter is secreted by a) Parsympathetic and b) Sympathetic NS
a) Acetyl choline b) Noradrenaline
Which Cranial nerves are involved in the parasympathetic NS
III, VII, IX and X
are sympathetic or parasympathetic nerve fibres more widespread?
Sympathetic
What is the main difference between the autonomic and somatic pathways?
Autonomic motor pathway is a 2 neuron pathway and somatic is a one neuron pathway.
What is a ganglia?
A Ganglion is like a junction box where neurones meet and transmit messages to each other.
Name the 3 different types of ganglia and if they contain sympathetic or parasympathetic synapses.
!. Paravertebral- Sym
- Collateral Sym
- Terminal- para
Where are the paravertebral ganglia situated?
It is a chain on each side of the spine located on the anterior surface of the TP of the vertebrae
Where do the Parasympathetic nerve fibres emerge from?
Cranium or sacrum.
Where does the Vagus nerve go to?
wanders from its origin in the cranium to heart, lungs, stomach , spleen, pancreas, small intestine , half of hte large intestine, liver and kidneys.
Where do Sympathetic nerve fibres emerge from?
T1 ti L2
where is the ganglion impar?
at the coccyx
where are collateral Ganglia located
surface of major blood vessels
Name the vertebral sympathetic levels for 1. head 2. thoracic viscera 3. Upper abdo viscera 4. Pelvic and lower abdominal viscera
- T1-2 2. T2-6 3. T6-9. 4. T10-L2
