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CranioSacral integration > Cranial Nerves and foramina and fissure > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves and foramina and fissure Flashcards

all about CN and Foramina

1
Q

Which Cranial nerve(s) helps with eye movement

A

CN III (Oculo - motor), CN IV (Trochlear), CN VI (Adbucent)

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2
Q

What does CN II (Optic) do?

A

Vision

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3
Q

Which Cranial nerve(s) controls facial muscles

A

CN VII (Facial)

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4
Q

Which Cranial nerves are sensory only

A

Cranial nerve I - olfactory, CN II - optic & CN VIII - vestibulo-cochlear

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5
Q

Which Cranial nerves are motor only

A

CN III- oculo-motor, IV - Trochlear, VI - Adbucent, XI - Accessory , XII - Hypoglossal

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6
Q

Which Cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers

A

CN III - Oculo-motor, CN VII - Facial, CN IX - Glosso-pharyneal, CN X -Vagus

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7
Q

Which nerves are not considered true Cranial nerves and why?

A

Olfactory & Optic, Do not have ganglia or synapses outside the central nervous system.

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8
Q

What does CN I do and it’s name

A

Smell and olfactory

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9
Q

Which CN nerve controls hearing and balance

A

Vestibulocochlear CN VIII

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10
Q

Which nerve is the sensory from the throat and tongue

A

Glosso-pharyngeal (CN IX)

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11
Q

What type of nerve is the Accessory nerve and where is it located

A

CN XI, Motor, sternocleido-mastoid and trapezius muslces

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12
Q

Which Cranial nerve allows tongue movement

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

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13
Q

Which nerves are found in the forebrain

A

Olfactory CN I & Optic CN II

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14
Q

Where in the brain stem would you locate CN III (Oculo-motor) & CN IV (Trochlear)

A

Midbrain

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15
Q

Which nerves are found in the pons region of the brainstem

A

V (Trigeminal)
VI (adbucent)
VII (Facial)
VIII (Vestibulo-cochlear)

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16
Q

In the Brainstem where would you locate CN IX (Glosso-pharyngeal) , CN X (Vagus), CN XI (Spinal Accessory) & CN XII (hypoglossal)

A

Medulla

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17
Q

What is the difference between nerve pathway and tracts pathway

A

A nerve is a nerve pathway outside the CNS. A tract is a nerve pathway within the CNS.

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18
Q

What are the 5 means that the vagus nerve can be disrupted

A

Injury or restriction to the efferent supply anywhere along it’s pathway
Sensory feedback from viscera and other sources
Toxicity
Disturbance within brainstem and brain
Psycho-emotional factors (ANS imbalance and sympathetic overstimulation)

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19
Q

are cranial nerves part of the CNS or PNS

A

PNS - All nerves are part of the PNS. including Cranial nerves

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20
Q

Which nerve is involved in the Meniere’s disease

A

CN VIII - Vestibulo-cochlear

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21
Q

3 diagnostic symptoms of Meniere disease

A

Vertigo , hearing loss and motion sickness

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22
Q

What is Meniere’s disease

A

Loss of hearing ( deafness) and attacks of tinnitus and vertigo.

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23
Q

which CN passes thru the ciliary ganglion

A

CN III - oculomotor (intrinsic muscles of the iris)

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24
Q

which CN passes thru the pterygopalatine ganglion

A

CN VII - facial - muscles of the face (lacrimal + nasal glands, mucous membrane and glands of the maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, palate, upper lip, gums and nasopharynx

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25
Q

which CN passes thru the submandibular ganglion

A

CN VII - facial submandibular and sublingual glands mucous membrane and glands of the mouth

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26
Q

which CN passes thru the otic ganglion

A

CN IX Glossopharyngeal - parotid gland

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27
Q

what fibres pass thru the pterygopalatine ganglion and where is it located

A 
location = pterygopalatine fossa on each side, space bounded by the sphenoid, palatine bone and maxillae.
Fibres = sympathetic (no synapse) parasympathetic synapse. (VII Facial nerve - glands of face and musles)
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28
Q

what ganglion hands down like a traffic light

A

pterygopalatine ganglion

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29
Q

Symptoms of Bell Palsy and CN involved

A

one side of the face drooping, difficulty controlling muscles on side of face, dribbling from one side of mouth, lower eye lid droops. CN VII Facial

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30
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved in secretion of saliva

A

CN VII - facial

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31
Q

Describe the pathway and type of nerve involved in pupil dilation (pupil enlargened)

A

CN III - oculomotor (sympathetic division)
Midbrain >middle fossa > cavernous sinus > superior orbital fissure > extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the eye (focus and lens adjustment)

32
Q

Describe the pathway and type of nerve involved in pupil constriction (pupil smaller)

A

CN III - oculomotor (parasympathetic division)
Midbrain >middle fossa > cavernous sinus > superior orbital fissure > branches off into the eyeball (focus and lens adjustment)

33
Q

why might mumps lead to unilateral facial paraysis

A

mumps affect the gland. in the face this would be the parotid gland that would be affected. Facial nerve CN VII passes thru the parotid gland so can be affected by mumps

34
Q

what can be the most likely cause of facial paralysis

A

viral infection, tumour in the brain, nerve inflammation, head injury

35
Q

symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia

A

extreme pain in the face, stabbing, shooting, burning pain, strong electrical shocks, most commonly experienced in the maxillary and manbidular

36
Q

Which nerves are involved in asthma

A

CN X Vagus, CN I Olfactory (allergies), CN IX glosso-pharyngeal (throat sensation), CN XI Accessory (cranial division)

37
Q

CN involved in squint

A

Oculomotor CN III, Trochlear CN IV, Abducent CN VI

38
Q

What systemic condition might affect eyesight

A

Diabetes 1 + 2, hypertension, graves disease, meningitis, multiple sclerosis

39
Q

What structure passes thru the foramen lacerum

A

internal cartoid artery, cartoid nerve

40
Q

what nerve passes through foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery, recurrent meningeal branch of CN V3 Trigeminal - Mandibular nerve

41
Q

which nerve raises the upper eye lid

A

CN III oculomotor (sympathetic division)

42
Q

Which other nerve is involved in acuity of hearing

A

CN VII - facial . a small branch of the facail nerve connects to a tiny mucles in the middle ear (stapedius) that attached to the stapes bone. The bones role is to dampen vibrations from loud noises and levels of sound. If implicated may affect speech, language and learning difficulties may result

43
Q

Where is the stylomastiod located and what passes thru it

A

Located = between the styloid process (posteriorly) and mastoid process (anteriorly) on the surface of the temporal bone
CN VII - facial

44
Q

What factor may contribute to tinntus

A

stress, anxiety, trauma, phyco- emotinal trauma, infections to middle ear, trauma to surrounding membrane of ear.

45
Q

Which CN are involved in digestion

A

CN X vagus and Accessory CN XI (cranial division)

46
Q

Which CN pass thru the temporal bone

A

CN VII Facial , CN VIII vestibulo-cochlear (petrous portion of the temporal)

47
Q

What affect does the Vagus have on the heart

A

regulates heart beat

48
Q

which CN helps with 2/3 of the anterior taste of the tongue

A

CN VII Facial

49
Q

which CN helps with 1/3 of the posterior taste of the tongue

A

CN IX Glossopharngeal

50
Q

what is the carotid nerve and what is its pathway

A

small nerve in the neck, that innervates the carotid sinus and the carotid body. It is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Pathway - T1-2 > synapse at the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion > carotid canal > carotid plexus > distributes to diff structures in cranium + eye

51
Q

which glands are innervated by the facial nerve

A

Lacriminal glands of the eye, glands of the nose, mouth + sinus, mucosus glands of the nose, submandibular and sublingual glands

52
Q

What does the trochlear nerve help te eye to do

A

(acts like a pully) look down and out

superior oblique muscle

53
Q

What do the extrinsic muscle of the eye do

A

moves the eyeball in order to direct the gaze

54
Q

which nerves supply the intrinsic muscles of the eye

A

CN III oculomotor

Intrinsic mucles controls the iris ad the ciliary muscles.

55
Q

what detour does the recurrent laryngeal branch take

A

goes to the larynx, into the neck and thorax hooks under the right subclavian artery and aorta arch before returning back to the larynx

56
Q

what is the cribriform plate and what fibers pass up it ?

A

Roof of ethmoid.

Olfactory (CN I)

57
Q

Where is the optic canal located

What nerve passes through it?

A 
Between body and lesser wing sphenoid 
 Optic nerve (CN II)
58
Q

Where is the internal auditory meatus located

A

in the medial wall of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

59
Q

What CN nerve passes through the internal auditory meatus

A

CN VIII Vestibulo - cochlear

CN VII facial nerve

60
Q

Where do cranial nerves have their nucleus?

A

Brain and brain stem

61
Q

What foramina are in the Greater wing of the Sphenoid?

A

Foramen Ovale; Rotundum; Spinosum

62
Q

What foramina are in the Temporal Bone?

A

Internal Auditory Meatus

Stylomastoid Foramen

63
Q

Where is the Superior orbital fissure and which cranial nerve pass through?

A 
back of the upper orbit between the sphenoid greater wing (below) and sphenoid lesser wing (Above) 
CN III - oculo-motor, 
CN IV Trochlear, 
CNVI Adbucent 
CN V Trigeminal (ophthalmic branch)
64
Q

Where is the Inferior orbital fissure and which cranial nerve pass through?

A

Lower part of the back of the orbit, between the sphenoid greater wing (above) and the maxilla (Below)
Trigeminal nerve Cr V2 (maxillary)

65
Q

Which foramen does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) exit from the cranium

A

foramen ovale - in greater wing of the sphenoid and exits at the mental foramen, recurring branch exit foramen spinosum

66
Q

Describe the exit and entry point which the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2) travels

A

exits foramen rotundum enters orbit through the inferior orbital fissure

67
Q

Where is the stylomastoid foramen located and which nerve passes through it

A

Located between the styloid process (anteriorly) and the mastoid process (posteriorly) . Main motor branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

68
Q

Between which two bones is the jugular foramen found

A

occiput and mastoid process of the temporal bone.

69
Q

Why is the jugular foramen vulnerable?

A

It is contained between two bones making it more vulnerable to compression and distortion, tension, birth trauma & head injuries in child hood and by mascular tensions at all ages.

70
Q

What nerve pass through the jugular

A

CN IX - XI ( 9-11)
glosso-pharyneal nerve CN IX
vagus nerve CN X
spinal accessory nerve CN XI

71
Q

what CN passes through foramen spinosum

A

Recurring branch of CN V3 trigeminal ( mandibular division)

72
Q

What are the two fissure at the back of the orbit

A

Superior and inferior orbital fissure

73
Q

What are the three foramina in the greater wing of the sphenoid

A

Foramen rotundum,
foramen ovale and
foramen spinosum

74
Q

What Foramen is located within the occiput

A

Hypoglossal canal and Foramen magnum

75
Q

What Foramen is located within the temporal bone

A

internal auditory meatus and stylomastoid foramen

76
Q

what foramina are located in the sphenoid

A 
Foramen rotundum, 
foramen ovale, 
foramen spinosum, 
superior orbital fissure and
optic canal
77
Q

What foramen does the carotid artery and nerve pass through and does it do

A

Foramen lacerum

provides arterial blood to the the brain. the nerve is sympathetic to the eyes and head and forms the carotid plexus

CranioSacral integration (19 decks)

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