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Physiology 201 Lab > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Regulating body activities by responding rapidly using nerve impulses

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2
Q

What is the nervous system responsible for?

A

perceptions, behaviors, memories, voluntary movements

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3
Q

What is the organization of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Afferent and efferent

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5
Q

What is in the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

All nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system

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7
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic, Autonomic, and Enteric nervous systems

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8
Q

Describe the somatic ns

A

Somatic and special sensory receptors and neurons go CNS

Somatic motor neurons go to PNS

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9
Q

What type of muscle action is somatic motor neurons?

A

Voluntary

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10
Q

Where do somatic motor neurons go in the PNS?

A

Skeletal muscle

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11
Q

Describe the autonomic nervous system

A

Autonomic sensory receptors and autonomic sensory neurons go to CNS

Autonomic motor neurons (sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions) go to PNS

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12
Q

What type of muscle action is autonomic motor neurons?

A

Involuntary

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13
Q

Where do autonomic motor neurons specifically go in the PNS?

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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14
Q

Describe the enteric nervous system

A

Enteric sensory receptors and neurons in GI tract and enteric plexuses go to CNS OR to motor neurons

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15
Q

What type of muscle action are enteric motor neurons?

A

Involuntary

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16
Q

Where do enteric motor neurons go in the PNS?

A

Smooth muscle, glands, and endocrine cells of the GI tract

17
Q

What are the two types of cells in the nervous system?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

18
Q

Functions of neurons

A

Conduct action potentials, structural and functional units of nervous tissue

19
Q

Functions of neuroglia

A

support, protect, provide nutrients, augment the speed of neuron transmission

20
Q

3 structural types of neurons

A

unipolar, multipolar, bipolar

21
Q

3 functional types of neurons

A

afferent (sensory), association (interneuron), and efferent (motor) neuron

22
Q

Classification of afferent (sensory) neurons

A
  • conduct signals from receptors to CNS
  • unipolar or bipolar
  • affect you, ascend the spinal cord
23
Q

Classifications of interneurons (association)

A
  • 90% of neurons in CNS

- multipolar

24
Q

Classifications of efferent (motor) neurons

A
  • take signal to a target organ
  • multipolar
  • exit the spinal cord
25
Q

What are the 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS?

A

Microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte, and ependymal cells

26
Q

Functions of oligodendrocytes

A

Processes from cell form myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS

27
Q

Functions of astrocytes

A

Covers neurons and blood vessels to keep neurons in place

Makes blood brain barrier to help neurons maintain environment

28
Q

Functions of microglia

A

Engulfs invading microbes, debris, and necrotic tissue

29
Q

Functions of ependymal cells

A

lines the 4 ventricles of the brain and central canal

Forms and circulates CSF

30
Q

What are the 2 types of neuroglia cells in the PNS

A

Schwann cells and satellite cells

31
Q

Functions of schwann cells

A

entire cell forms myelin sheath around a segment of an axon in the PNS

32
Q

Functions of satellite cells

A

covers sensory neuron cell bodies

maintains neuron environment

33
Q

Parts of a neuron

A

axon terminal, schwann cell, node of ranvier, axon, axon hillock, dendrite, nucleus

34
Q

White matter

A

Myelin sheaths = 80% lipids ….. gives nervous tissue white color

35
Q

Grey matter

A

Nervous tissue with no myelination (made of lipids)

36
Q

Define multiple sclerosis

A

Scarring of Myelin

37
Q

Symptoms of Multiple sclerosis

A

Loss of sensation, muscle weakness (spasms), weakness and problems with speech

Physiology 201 Lab (36 decks)

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